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  • Over the past centuries, technologies have regularly come along that completely change

  • how we connect to each other: the printing press, the telegraph, the telephone; the newspaper,

  • the radio, the TV.

  • All are technologies that begin social revolutions.

  • Were living through one such revolution now. It started in 1962 with a humble, almost

  • boring idea: connecting computers together. Today, almost three billion people are connected.

  • What kind of revolution are we going through?

  • - Firstly, it’s fast. It took 25 years after the Guttenberg Press arrived for the first

  • English book to be printed. In its first twenty-five years, the telephone

  • reached just 10% of America.

  • In 1995, less than 1% of the world’s population was connected. The first billion was reached

  • in 2005. The second billion in 2010. The third billion at the end of 2014.

  • The benefits of the Internet are obvious and all around us. In a European-wide poll,

  • people put the Internet at the top of their list of daily essentialsahead of the

  • bath,the car and the television.

  • But the risks and dangers are less obvious and more subterranean.

  • There are at least four.

  • ONE - WERE ADDICTED

  • In the UK, two in five of us recognise were spending too long on the internet but admit

  • we can’t stop.

  • Three in five of us check the internet the first thing in the morning, and the last thing

  • at night - and put this habit ahead of interpersonal communication.

  • Two in five women say that one of the greatest challenges of relationships has become how

  • to prove more interesting than the partner’s smartphone.

  • Nine out of ten people would rather be surfing the web rather than reading a book.

  • Internet pornography has proved particularly compelling: 60% of US adult males admit to

  • using it at least once a month. 9% of males classify themselves as spending between 10

  • and 20 hours a week on porn.

  • We are not neurologically designed to withstand the temptations on offer online - and this

  • suits a great many internet companies just fine.

  • TWO - WE KNOW TOO MUCH AND UNDERSTAND TOO LITTLE

  • The amount of information at our fingertips is unimaginably large;

  • every single minute of the day:

  • Facebook users share 2.5 million pieces of content.

  • Twitter users Tweet 300,000 times. YouTube users upload 72 hours of video

  • 200million emails are sent. Apple users download 50,000 apps

  • Between the dawn of civilization and 2003, 5 exabytes of data was created. That much

  • information is now created every 2 days.

  • There is so much data that we keep having to come up with new words to describe it.

  • The latest term is the yottabyte.

  • This much data is overwhelming and asphyxiating.

  • To manoeuvre, we have to rely on search engines. Google makes 2.5 billion searches per day.

  • But we forget that these search engines are mechanical and highly coloured in their interpretations.

  • For a start, they constantly direct our attention to their products, sponsors, and affiliates.

  • Imagine the Dewey Decimal system owned by Coca Cola.

  • A lot of the information is nonsense: during the riots in London in 2011, the three most

  • shared stories on Twitter were that the London Eye was on Fire, the Army was on the streets,

  • and that a tiger had escaped from London zoo.

  • Because the internet is often a source of reliable information, we exaggerate its accuracy,

  • its importance and its wisdom.

  • The 12th most popular question typed into Google is:

  • WHAT SHALL I DO WITH MY LIFE?

  • It doesn’t know, but at the same time, it constantly gets in the way of the conversations

  • you might have with the one person who does: namely, you.

  • THREE - PRIVACY IS UNDER THREAT

  • Thousands ofcookiestrack where we go. Our mobile phones log data about our

  • movements every five seconds, even when they are ostensibly off.

  • The head of the French police force proposed it’s now almost impossible to commit a murder

  • and remain undetected.

  • Were constantly leaving so-called digital breadcrumbs on our online travels. Every year,

  • in the UK, we leave up to £5,000 worth of data online which is sold to marketing companies

  • and harvested, filtered and cross-referenced to provide detailed insight into our lives.

  • Facebook will know youre gay before your mother does.

  • 70% of us admit to fearing how much we have already shared. one in seven teenagers

  • in the US has sent a compromising image over the internet and had a sexual chat with a

  • real-life stranger.

  • A majority of European internet users are under the impression that a security service

  • has snooped into their conversations and activities.

  • FOUR - ONLINE CRIME IS OUT OF CONTROL

  • Over the last twenty years, crime has abated in many countries. Since it peaked in the

  • UK in 1995, it has fallen by 60%.

  • But Internet crime is exploding.

  • In 1990 the NSPCC estimated there were 7,000 known images of child pornography at large.

  • In 2014, American law enforcement found 42 million images on just one server.

  • The UK Government estimates 50,000 people in the UK are actively involved in downloading

  • and sharing images of child abuse.

  • Online abuse and hate-speech are endemic:On Twitter, 10,000 uses of racist slur

  • terms occur a day.

  • And 2000 Tweets are sent containing the wordrape’.

  • 69% of young people in the UK have experienced cyber-bullying

  • The police are overwhelmed. The Head of the UK’s National Crime Agency recently

  • said they would only ever be able to focus on less than 1% of child porn users.

  • CONCLUSION

  • One view is that new technologies have always brought anxieties with them, and that they

  • always turn out to be groundless.

  • Socrates in Plato’s Phaedrus warned that books would promote forgetfulness. People

  • would become thehearers of many things and will have learned nothing”.

  • But that’s too rosy and too relaxed about what were facing. Technologies can and

  • do bring serious lasting problems. As the residents of Hiroshima realised.

  • The internet presents unrivalled challenges to our abilities to:

  • - interact deeply with our partners

  • - keep our critical faculties alive

  • - stop thinking that the answers always lieout there’.

  • - remain emotionally connected to real-life people.

  • - and make the discoveries that come when we are bored and letting our minds lie fallow.

  • We need to start to take active measures to

  • educate our children in the dangers of this tool

  • reconnect with the natural world talk to one another face to face

  • stop downloading images of naked people get bored

  • and take regular digital sabbaths.

  • We need to learn to control ourselves not because the internet is so bad, but precisely

  • because it’s so very very nice - in ways that turn out to be deeply detrimental to

  • our ability to flourish and function..

  • We can accept that it is not a good thing to let a fifteen year old boy have unmonitored

  • access to the internet in his bedroom. Not because we think he is wicked. But because

  • we are generous. We understand that asking for self-control in those circumstances is

  • too demanding. A similar argument applies if you happen to be twenty six - or forty

  • six.

  • The internet has unparalleled power to get in the way of almost every other rather important

  • and precious thing around - starting with the rest of your life.

Over the past centuries, technologies have regularly come along that completely change

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インターネットの危険性 (The Dangers of the Internet)

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    Kat に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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