Name: 第12章 姿勢、動き、パフォーマンス評価 (Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments)
Uploaded: 2025-05-08T07:49:23.000Z
Duration: 51 min 51 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

and welcome to the continuation of our assessments information.

そして、査定情報の続きへようこそ。

So this is chapter 12 of the NASM CPT study information.

というわけで、NASM CPTの学習情報の第12章です。

基礎受動態

Last class or last lecture was based on chapter 11 which was more of what we would call your health wellness and fitness assessments.

最後の授業、あるいは最後の講義は、第11章に基づくもので、いわゆる健康状態やフィットネスの評価に関するものだった。

This is going to move us into our postural, our movement, and our performance basis.

これは、姿勢、動き、そしてパフォーマンスの基礎へとつながっていく。

So more dynamic types of you know I say dynamic because majority of these are movement.

つまり、よりダイナミックなタイプで、ダイナミックと言ったのは、その大半が動きだからだ。

Understand that some of them might be static based.

そのうちのいくつかは静的なものであることを理解してほしい。

So let's get into that, explain why that's the case and what we are going to do with that.

では、なぜそうなのか、そしてこれからどうするのかを説明しよう。

So there are a lot of really good pictures that we're going to be able to see a lot of good diagrams in here.

だから、ここには本当に良い図がたくさんある。

So pay attention to the locations, pay attention to the verbiage that's on the side of those because those are always going to be really good to stop, pause, and basically have this really good set of you know notes that you could take based on that.

だから、その場所に注意を払い、その脇に書かれている文言に注意を払うんだ。なぜなら、それらの文言は、立ち止まったり、一時停止したり、基本的には、それに基づいて取ることができる、本当に良いメモのセットを持つのにとても適しているからだ。

So again we did health wellness and fitness so we got baseline information.

そこでもう一度、ヘルス・ウェルネスとフィットネスを行い、ベースライン情報を得た。

We got really good like demographic information that's going to tell us about that person.

私たちは、その人について教えてくれるような、本当に良い人口統計学的情報を手に入れた。

Well now we want to be able to assess like truly assess the body.

そして今、私たちは本当の意味で身体を評価できるようになりたいと思っている。

Well the first thing we want to work on like it says here is posture assessment.

ここに書いてあるように、まず最初に取り組みたいのは姿勢の評価だ。

Static meaning motionless, dynamic meaning with motion.

スタティックとは動かないという意味で、ダイナミックとは動きがあるという意味だ。

Alright so with this with these postural assessments we are going to just basically see what the body is going to do on under specific non-loaded environments.

さて、この姿勢アセスメントでは、基本的に特定の非負荷環境下での身体の動きを見ることになる。

How the body is shaped, is there any imbalances, are there any specific limitations, are there any other factors that can be associated with that.

体の形はどうか、アンバランスはないか、特別な制限はないか、それに関連する他の要因はないか。

So also with that what we're going to do is we're going to do some movement assessments that are going to take us through how we can see any differences in movement impairments.

その上で、運動障害の違いを確認するための運動評価を行う。

So like if you're doing a push or a pull assessment we can definitely see what's going on and how the optimal motion should be versus what you might see being non-optimal or impaired.

つまり、プッシュやプルの評価をする場合、何が起こっているのか、最適な動作はどうあるべきなのか、最適でない動作や障害が見られる可能性のある動作はどのようなものなのかを、私たちは間違いなく見ることができるのです。

And then lastly we're going to go through the performance assessments that we have that are going to assess strength and muscular endurance, power and then agility.

そして最後に、筋力と筋持久力、パワー、そして敏捷性を評価するパフォーマンス評価について説明する。

And those are again those aren't dictated just you know and dedicated just to athletes.

そしてそれらはまた、アスリートだけに指示されるものでも、アスリートだけに捧げられるものでもない。

So whenever you see those words understand that it could be for anybody but it's got to be for the right instance.

だから、この言葉を目にしたときはいつでも、それは誰のためでもあり得るが、適切な例でなければならないことを理解してほしい。

All right so again this is something that we've hit on before in terms of muscular imbalances.

筋力のアンバランスという点では、前にも述べたとおりだ。

So we have to make sure that we're working through our over and under active.

だから、過不足のないプレーをしなければならない。

Over active meaning that you're compensating on one side that one side is constantly shortened while the other is under active is that there is no sort of you know impulse to that you know well I don't want to say that that's the wrong way to say it but there's you know less influence of the muscle at that point if it's under active because it's not as strong and it's being influenced by the over activity of another muscle group.

過活動というのは、片側が常に短縮しているのに対して、もう片側が過活動になっているということで、片側の筋肉を補うということだ。

All right so that's what you know getting into that back into that length tension relationship or muscles basically being at rest and how that would work.

長さと張力の関係、あるいは筋肉が基本的に静止している状態、そしてそれがどのように機能するかということだ。

So with static posture we want to make sure that we're again visually observing looking at somebody from the specific standpoints of anterior frontal position like frontal view side view lateral posterior back view because even though the front and the side may look good the back may not or if the back and the side look good the front might not or the side might not but the front and back do so there's always those ways to work around it.

つまり、静的姿勢では、前方正面、側方正面、側方後方背面というように、特定の視点から誰かを視覚的に観察していることを確認したいのです。前方と側方がよく見えても、背中がそうでない場合もありますし、背中と側方がよく見えても、前方がそうでなかったり、側方がそうでなくても、前方と背中がそうである場合もあります。

But always understand and I'll highlight right here foot ankle knees lumbopelvic hip complex shoulders and head are our go-to's those are our specific locations that we want to pay attention to the foot and ankle the knee the lumbopelvic hip complex the hip complex you know from the side view that is going to be you know basically where the ball of the femur runs into from the front it's that midsection all right and then the shoulders and then the head all of those have specific alignments that we're going to be looking for especially during like I said that static posture where you're not moving.

しかし、常に足と足首、膝、腰椎股関節複合体、肩、そして頭部に注意を払いたい。足と足首、膝、腰椎股関節複合体、股関節複合体は、横から見ると、基本的に大腿骨球が正面から見ると中腹に位置する。

So again I'll blow this up a little bit bigger just so you can kind of see it a little bit clearer but here is there's again those five checkpoints there's your foot and ankle your knee your lumbopelvic hip complex your shoulders and thoracic spine and your head and cervical spine.

足と足首、膝、腰椎股関節複合体、肩と胸椎、そして頭と頸椎だ。

So all of those locations and if you see it's going to form that grid from this this is now from the anterior view what we're looking for is you know are the shoulders having a nice squared appearance to them is the hip complex nice and straight across does the line from the basically the iliac crest of the hip the top part of the hip go straight down through the knee and then directly through the ankle or is there some some sort of sway or some other impairment that we see or imbalance that we see.

肩はきれいな四角形をしているか、股関節はきれいでまっすぐか、股関節の腸骨稜、つまり股関節の一番上の部分から膝を通り、そのまま足首までまっすぐか、あるいは揺れがあるか、バランスが悪いか。

Does the head basically run straight down and the middle of the head does it run straight down through and I know not being graphic but through your midsection your crotch area.

頭は基本的にまっすぐ下を向いていて、頭の真ん中はまっすぐ下を向いている。

So this is where we are looking for those pinpoint locations.

そこでピンポイントの場所を探している。

Now you are very much welcome to do this with the naked eye.

肉眼でこれをやるのは大歓迎だ。

Okay you're definitely able to look and observe this in a moment.

よし、これならすぐにでも見て観察できるだろう。

My suggestion is always to err on the side of caution because you always want to have frame of reference is you know ask if your clients are willing to do pictures.

私が提案するのは、常に慎重を期すことだ。なぜなら、常に参照枠を持っていたいからだ。

Alright and those pictures will obviously be left in confidence that you're not going to do anything with them and that you are going to use them for the sole purpose that you want to see where imbalances are.

そして、これらの写真は、あなたが何もするつもりがなく、アンバランスな箇所を確認するという唯一の目的のために使用するものであることを、明らかに内密に残しておく。

So that definitely helps because you can see all angles at that point.

だから、その時点であらゆる角度を見ることができるので、間違いなく助けになる。

Now again there you know the anterior view also you know straight and parallel for the feet so we're looking at those aspects as well alright because we want those imaginary lines to be where they're shown.

ここでもまた、前方から見て、足がまっすぐで平行であることを確認する。

From a lateral view there we go again the one thing we want to pay attention to is the ear.

横から見ると......またしても耳だ。

Okay from the head down we want to see that line start right pretty close really kind of more that temporal position but right through the ear basically down through the midpoint of your shoulder running down through just slightly behind that midpoint of the hip definitely behind the knee and then directly through the ankle and that line of sight is what we want to see for optimal positioning.

頭から下のラインは、かなり近いところからスタートし、側頭位というよりは、基本的には耳の位置から肩の中間点を通り、腰の中間点の少し後ろ、膝の後ろを通って、足首を通るラインを見てほしい。

Alright now we can start seeing especially in this mid section here the the LPHC if we have somebody who has like an anteriorly anteriorly tilted hip what will happen is they might start having a little bit more of that rounded lower back and then you'll start see this midsection line right in the middle here that would be more angled more toward the anterior downward position like you're gonna dump out a pail of water.

股関節が前下がりに傾いている人は、腰がもう少し丸くなり、この真ん中あたりにある中殿筋のラインが、水を捨てるときのように前下がりに角度がついているのがわかります。

Alright so depending upon where individuals are in their you know their posture you might have a forward head.

そうだね、その人の姿勢によっては、頭が前に出てしまうかもしれない。

Well a forward head is gonna put your shoulders out of alignment it's gonna put your hips and knees and ankles out of alignment so we're always looking again for these locations.

頭を前に出すと肩の位置が狂い、腰や膝、足首の位置も狂う。

This is where again a side picture and we could basically take a sharpie if we were to or even on a paint app you know we can take and run a line directly through and see you know where these lines of sight are right very very critical to understand that and then from a posterior view again are our five key points that we're looking for but if you look there's a couple additional lines here and that's basically saying are the scapula in alignment at that point you know are they running about the same.

後方から見ると、ここにも5つのキーポイントがありますが、さらに2本の線があります。

Now right and left side imbalance can occur we know that we know that from side to side we might have a little bit of a difference but you know understand that this is part of that process of finding out those limitations okay so we're looking for those pinpoints again the hip the shoulder the knees and the ankle but this is from the backside as well okay also with the feet you're looking for you know especially from the back view look at their shoes or look at their feet and see if you're starting to see maybe the heel is in a different position if their toes are starting to swing out you might see their arches being a little bit off in positioning so these are all things we want to pay attention to at these levels.

さて、左右のアンバランスは起こりうる。左右で少し違うかもしれないが、これは限界を見つけるプロセスの一部だと理解してほしい。足の場合は、特に後ろから見て、靴を見たり、足を見たりして、かかとの位置が違っていないか、つま先が振れ始めていないか、アーチの位置が少しずれていないか、など。

So what we want to know though is if anything is out of alignment all right if there seems to be some sort of an imbalance somewhere or if we looked at the going back to some of the terminology if there are any impairments that we're seeing you know with that posture well what are they well pes plantis lower cross and upper cross syndrome all right so if anything make sure that you know these three cat you know characteristics oh you know for the three distortion patterns because this might be something that pops up on your test that might say you know what distortion pattern is characterized by forward head and protracted round or rounded shoulders you'd say upper cross okay so let's get into the three of them first one is pes plantis if you look all right at the ankle joint you can see that you have what we would call a collapsed arch okay that collapsed arch is causing you to have what we would call eversion or the sole of the foot start to flare out all right the knee joint you can see if you look at the line of sight of the femur and of the tib fib you'll see that you're a little bit more bow-legged which we call knee valgus all right and there's a little bit of what we would call internal rotation meaning that the the femur is rotating in at the hip joint you can see here we're adducted we're pushing our knees together so we're going toward the midline and internally rotated as well now going through you can see the potential muscle imbalances pay attention to the over and under active muscles here as an overactive would be the gastrocnemius and the soleus so the calves are overactive the adductors are overactive pulling those knees in and the hip flexors as well which will cause internal rotation under active meaning that they need to be strengthened at some point overactive would need to be stretched under active are the anterior and posterior tibialis so that right in the front part of your shin here and the glute maximus and medius are not causing the femur to kick back and be externally rotated with lower cross that lower cross think about it from the perspective of positioning lower cross means lower back so what we're looking at here from the hip joint is what we would say is it's flexed you can see here that by flex meaning that we're pulling basically almost like the torso downward and you know causing this little bit of a shift in angle from upper to lower body the pelvis is anteriorly tilted you can drastically see that this person you know they almost have like a shifted butt meaning that their their butt is looks like it's raised and it's and you start to see that angled down and then of course your lumbar spine has that shift of really drastic really really drastic concave type of you know basically bending in motion so you're overactive here your hip flexors because the front is pulling so heavy and then your lumbar extensors of your low back are very aggressive at that point as well what are underactive are your glutes your glute maximus medius your hamstrings and your abdomen and they're not strong enough to hold you back into that position so it's basically allowing you to fall forward all right so that's lower cross syndrome then upper cross syndrome now this is extremely exaggerated but you get the idea upper cross is upper back lower cross is lower back upper cross you have that a little bit more of that hunchback shape with a forward head position posture so what we have like we said here the thoracic spine or that mid spine t1 to 12 is what we would call excessive kyphosis or hunchback where that positioning is flexed okay the shoulders are protracted they're a little bit more like rotated forward okay rounded forward not rotated excuse me and there's some internal rotation or like a turning in and then the head and the neck is jutted forward it's not that you are in extension or flexion it's just the cervical spine moves in that way so what are your overactives in this case well your pecs your pecs are gonna pull those shoulders forward the levator scapula and the sternocleidomastoid which are in the front portion of your neck are pulling you pulling that neck forward and your upper traps again are the upper traps are gonna pull forward that's what's rounded shoulder this rounded upper back things that are under active your mid and lower traps down in the lower region and then your rhomboids and they they are basically weak so they're not able to pull that back into posture and then your deep cervical flexors that are deep within the muscles that are gonna flex the neck that are you know those are gonna be weak too so it basically allows for everything to flop forward okay so you have no neck control at that point and that's why the head wants to do what it wants to do so all those are characterized by where the location is pes plantus is in the you know that's not as easy to remember but understand that that pes plantus is all about the feet and the feet and the legs whereas lower cross is lower back and upper cross is our upper back excuse me upper crosses upper back all right so those are what we would look for first these are static positions meaning that you are gonna have a person stand in front of you and you're gonna be looking for these types of environment now some of them are exaggerated but there are conditions that are a little bit you know again this is why pictures really can do a service and one of the other things you want to make sure to appropriate clothing for this is really gonna make a difference so the tighter that the tighter the fit of the clothing the better you can see these shapes of the person's posture so you know unfort like for a guy having a guy wear solely a pair of shorts would help greatly to see everything now again it's based on comfort but it would definitely help females a sports bra a sports bra halter top tank top and then shorts also make a huge difference so that you can see these locations and the more drapier they are the harder it is to see the outline of the body so it's harder to see where the dysfunction lies so we observed static we want to move into movement now now these are dynamic posture this isn't about strength or push-pull this is more about we're gonna put your body through some motion well actually push-pull would be part of this but it's we're gonna get into just body motion first before we introduce equipment is more like what we want to say all right so the movements that we're gonna do include some balancing some squatting some pushing and some pulling and it's gonna go overhead squat single leg squat a pushing exercise and then a pulling exercise in that order overhead squat single leg squat pushing assessment pulling assessment and we want to see again those five kinetic chain points and from anterior posterior and lateral lateral views so your overhead squat there's the starting position here if you notice the palms are facing forward person is extended completely all right and then we're gonna move them through so pay attention to your starting points you know foot and ankle complex is neutral we don't want to have toes flared in or toes flared out you know we want to be able to have our arms completely overhead our elbows this is where it gets tricky some people can't get to this position but we want to be elbows fully extended to that person's limitations now myself I can't mine look like they're not fully extended but it's just my posture or my the way that my structure of my arms are it looks like I have a slight little bend but I don't it's fully extended so you have to be very clear to say okay extend your elbows you know do not lock them unless you're having you know only or if you do lock them only lock them to a very light position all right so that we can get to that overhead in the proper way now it says here shoes off are preferable and I agree with that I mean shoes and socks would be great but if you can get at least the shoes off and have socks only that's what we want to do because we want to see what the feet do when we go into that squatting motion okay so again squatting what is the main thing here I mean obviously this is the anterior view this is the lateral view you can do a posterior view if you'd like but for now what we're seeing here is that we want to make sure that the femur is parallel to the ground that's the key point that's gonna be something that you probably will be asked on in a test okay us but again squat depth depending upon who the person is can be reduced based on their you know their ability level and if maybe they've had a pre-existing injury or anything like that okay so what you're gonna have them do five reps five reps and the first rep might look really good the fifth rep might look a little bit more not so good and that's because the body is adjusting and letting itself kind of you know you're you're a relaxing a little bit more in the positioning and so that when you're relaxed more surprisingly enough the muscles that are imbalanced if they are are gonna move and move you and so when you have the final ending position and you're watching this person go through that final ending range of motion you're gonna see on that fifth rep where that person really is and what they're really doing instead of the first couple reps they're really trying to make sure they're doing the reps right so this is you know again your anterior view looking for some some negatives here feet turning out slightly that would indicate external rotation the knees feet turning out that that could also mean that you might start getting some varus or the knees coming out but for right now we're looking at the toes toes and knees for this one here and if you notice this person's you know again their head is not an optimal alignment their shoulders are not an optimal alignment so there's a lot going on there that we're seeing just from the front but we'll see it more from the lateral side all right lateral can't get into full depth you know they can't get the full they can't get the hips down and that affects that whole upper positioning they might be able to start getting to full depth but then their lower back starts rounding in the center and then the other one is going to be their arms falling forward so although this person in the center has low back arching their arms are still in alignment whereas this person their arms are falling even though they might be an optimal you know spinal alignment so we're always paying attention to those impairments at that point.

だから、私たちが知りたいのは、何かアライメントが崩れていないか、どこかにアンバランスなところがないか、あるいは専門用語に戻って、その姿勢に見られる障害がないかどうかです。この3つのゆがみパターンを知っておくと、検査で「頭が前に出ている」「肩が丸く伸びている」「肩が丸まっている」ということがわかるかもしれません。アーチが崩れていることで、外反と呼ばれる足の裏の反り返りが生じているのです。大腿骨と脛骨繊維のラインを見ると、大腿骨が股関節で内旋していることがわかります。腓腹筋とヒラメ筋の過活動は、ふくらはぎの過

So what we want to do is use this chart here you can you know and you can develop your own but this is the chart that you'd want to do checkpoints for so that you can see what the common conditions are what's overactive what's under active and then we can go from there all right because those muscle imbalances will dictate a lot of information and it'll make us it will actually not a lot of information it'll dictate how we go about correcting them and what we want to do in terms of their their exercises.

だから、この表を使って、チェックポイントを決めていく。

So the charts here will help us greatly in terms of understanding if you have turnout what's overactive what's under active so we want to pay attention to those as you're going through and studying again pause this if you have your book go through the book chart because this is table 12-5 okay in your book and look at these overactive under actives all right valgus or knees caving in your overactive or your TFL your tensor fascia lata and your adductor complex those are forcing the knees to come in where under active your glutes and your anterior and posterior tibialis are not allowing that knee to stay outward okay so these are just you know again going through for the lateral positioning there's your over actives and your under actives you know hip flexors lumbar extensors what you're gonna notice is that a lot of these like positioning like low back arching you're gonna see a lot of over and under active positions that are very similar to what we saw statically if somebody had that lower cross syndrome okay and then you know going to that lateral view still there's the you know more upper excessive forward trunk and then arms falling forward your overs and your unders there might be some carry over between them you know depending upon what position they're pulling them through so again pause this mark them down look at your book study them so that you know for a test where what you're under and over actives are so you know once we go through and determine our solutions and how we can kind of you know one you know again these are if we know our over actives and we know our under actives again we we stretch our over actives and we strengthen our under actives okay that's the key point here so what we do is if we take care so if we stretch and pay attention more to our hip flexors our calves and then you know just be aware of our rectus abdominis and our external obliques then we know that you know it's tough to stretch your abs but you still can but stretching those will help alleviate that tension that's causing you to pull forward whereas when you start doing strengthening exercises in a corrective format to these three lumbar extensors hamstrings and the glute max you can start pulling that person back into a strengthened positive position so that's just one example of how we can use these solution charts to do that.

ターンアウトがある場合、何が過活動なのか、何が過活動なのかを理解する上で、このチャートは大いに役立つ。5をご覧ください。そして、これらの過活動下を見てください。大転子や膝の陥没は過活動、TFL（大腿筋膜張筋）や内転筋複合体は膝を内側に押し込んでいます。腰のアーチのようなポジショニングの多くは、オーバーアクティブとアンダーアクティブのポジションが多いことに気づくだろう。そのため、どのような姿勢で体を引っ張るかによって、オーバーとアンダーの間にキャリーオーバーが生じる可能性がある。腹直筋と外腹斜筋を意識して、

オーバーヘッド・スクワットからシングルレッグ・スクワットに移るわけだが、シングルレッグ・スクワットがすべての人に適しているわけではなく、オーバーヘッド・スクワットで高得点を取っている人や、バランスが悪い人に無理に勧めたくはない。一般的に、シングルレッグスクワットのポジションを取るのが難しいのであれば、これは避けて、シングルレッグスクワットのポジションを取るようにしましょう。脚をあまり高く上げる必要はない。地面から30センチほど離すくらいで、できるだけ深くしゃがむ。膝と足首のズレは、先ほど説明したように、膝

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第12章姿勢、動き、パフォーマンス評価 (Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments)

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第12章 姿勢、動き、パフォーマンス評価 (Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments)

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第12章姿勢、動き、パフォーマンス評価 (Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments)