Name: 夢の科学についての角道夫 (Michio Kaku on the Science of Dreams)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:15:47.000Z
Duration: 4 min 42 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

There’s a whole lore about dreaming. In fact, Sigmund Freud wrote a book called The

Interpretation of Dreams which many people think is the foundation of psychoanalysis.

Well scientists now have looked at Freudian psychology and the brain using all these modern

techniques. And first of all we realize that perhaps Sigmund Freud wasn’t totally wrong.

There are many textbooks which simply dismiss Freudian psychology calling it nuts. That

is nothing but the sexual fantasies of a repressed Venetian scientist of the last century. But

now we realize there’s more to it. First of all the unconscious mind. We can actually

see the brain in motion and we realize that much of the activity is totally unconscious.

And Freud also said there is the ego, the id and the superego, that we are in a constant

battle with our desires and our conscious. And we see that now with brain scans. The

ego is basically your prefrontal cortex. That is who you are. When you wonder where am I

anyway. Well, you’re right there. You are sitting right behind your forehead. And then

your desires. We see the pleasure center right there at the center of the brain. That is

the libido. We see where the pleasure center is located. And then your conscience is right

behind your eyes. The orbital frontal cortex right behind your eyes is where your conscience

is. And so we actually see that in motion.

If you were to see a chocolate cake you would see these three parts of the brain going zippity

back and forth like a ping pong ball because you’re constantly debating the pleasure

of eating a chocolate cake versus how fat you’re gonna become and all the sugar and

the calories that you don’t really need. So we see the beginnings of Freudian psychology

coming out of brain scans. And now dreams. Freud had a whole collection of interpretation

of dreams. Scientists have looked at and said, “Nonsense.” Now we understand the physiology

of the dreaming process. And we realize that it comes at the back of the brain, the very

primitive part of the brain and that certain parts of the brain are shut off when you dream.

First of all your prefrontal cortex is basically shut off, it’s quiet. Your orbital frontal

cortex that is your conscience is also shut off. But that part of the brain is your fact

checker. The part of the brain that said, “Hmmm, that’s not right. Something’s

wrong” is right behind your eyes. That’s shut off.

What is active when you dream is your amygdala. Now what does your amygdala govern? Fear and

emotions. And so right then you know that when you dream the active part of the brain

is not the fact checker, not the rational brain – it’s the emotional brain, the

fearful brain that is active when you dream. And then there’s some superstition called

lucid dreaming where you can actually control the direction of the dream. Well that superstition

last year became science fact. At the Max Planck Institute in Germany they were able

to show once and for all that lucid dreaming is testable, reproducible – it is real.

And here’s how they did it. They took a person who was about to go to sleep and told

them that when you dream clench your right fist and then clench your left fist. Now when

you dream you are paralyzed. You cannot move when you dream.

Otherwise we’d be able to carry out all sorts of horrible things and destroy ourselves.

So we are paralyzed when we dream. But when this person went into a dream state you can

clearly see that the brain initiated orders to clench your right fist and your left fist.

In other words, he was conscious while he was dreaming. There are many Buddhist texts,

many texts hundreds of years old that give you the outlines of how to control dreams.

Lucid dreaming. We now know that it’s not hogwash that you can actually do this. You

can actually direct the course of your dream. And then one day we may be able to brain scan

the brain as you dream and put it on a screen. In which case somebody will be able to see

you dream and know the direction of the dream and you are conscious of the process. In other

words, the movie Inception is not totally hogwash.