ThispresentedEinsteinwith a dauntingdilemma. ThisconflictbetweentheideasofNewtonandMaxwellcanbedemonstratedwithanotherofEinstein's brilliantthoughtexperiments.
Einsteinimaginedhimselfon a trainplatformwitnessingtwolightningboltsstrikeoneithersideofhim.
アインシュタインは、電車のホームで自分の両脇に2本の稲妻が落ちるのを目撃した。
Now, becauseEinsteinstandspreciselyinthemiddleofthetwostrikes, hereceivestheresultingbeamsoflightfrombothsidesatthesametime. However, thingsgetmorecomplicatedwhensomeoneon a passingtrainviewsthiseventwhilewhizzingpastEinsteinatthespeedoflight.
Aswehavelearned, thismeans a variablepassageoftime. ThisiswhathappensinthemovieInterstellarwhentheprotagonistslandon a planetintheproximityof a blackhole.
A secondpasseseachtimethephotonisreflected. Let's imaginetwopeople, onein a spaceshipslightlyaboveEarth's atmosphere, andthesecondontopof a smallhilljustabovetheEarth's surface.
Botharewatching a manfallfromspacetowardstheground.
両者とも、宇宙から地上に向かって落下する男を見ている。
Let's saythatthefallingmaniscarryingthephotonclocklikeexplained a momentago.
先ほど説明したように、落下する男が光子時計を持っているとしよう。
Whatdoeachofthetwomenobserveasthemanfallspastthem? Whattheyobserveiseerilysimilartowhat a stationarypersonwouldobservewhenwatching a ballbouncein a movingtrain.
Thiswouldmeanthatthelighttravels a longerdistance, consequentlystretchingthedurationof a second. Itisobviousthatthelengthoftrianglesthelighttraces, andthereforethedurationof a second, isproportionaltothevelocityofthefallingman.