Asin, theBuddhaisrejectingthenotionof a creatorgodwith a capital G.
つまり、仏陀は大文字のGを持つ創造神という概念を否定しているのだ。
There's a widespreadassumptionthatBuddhismisfundamentallyanatheisticreligion, ormaybenot a religionatall, but a wayoflife, or a setofpracticesthatyoucoulddowithoutanyappealtothesupernatural.
ItemphasizestheteachingsoftheBuddhafoundinthePaliCanon, andgenerallymaintains a morereservedapproachtotheroleofdeitiesandsupernaturalbeingsinthepursuitofenlightenment.
Forexample, consider a storyfoundintheKavataSutta, a textfromthePaliCanon.
例えば、パーリ語聖典の一節、カヴァタ・スッタにある物語を考えてみよう。
Inthistext, theBuddhatells a storyabout a monkwhoascendsintotheheavens, stoppingatdifferentheavensalongtheway, andaskingthedevaslivingtheretoanswerhisquestionabouttheultimatenatureofreality.
Evenwhen a giftedmonkconsultseventhesupposedcreatorhimself, they'regenerallyunabletooffermuchhelpsincetheirwisdomandinsightarealwaysinferiortotheBuddha.
ThescholarRupertGethinpointsoutthatin a lotofBuddhisttexts, devaslendthemselvesto a psychologicalinterpretationinwhichtheyrepresentdifferentmentalstates.
TheimpulsetodeterminewhetherBuddhistseitherdidordidnotbelieveindevasreveals a frameworkrootedindebateswithinChristianEurope, wheredistinctionsbetweenatheismandtheismareclear-cutcategories.
AmitabhaBuddharesidesinSukhavati, oneofseveralheavenlyrealmscalled a PureLand, a placebelievedtoexistoutsideofsamsarawhereyoucanbereborntopursuethebodhisattvapathandachievenirvanamoreeasily.
Bydismissingtheselocaldevotionalpracticesandtraditions, scholarslikeHuxleyandDavidsperceiveBuddhismas a systemwhichknowsnogodintheWesternsense, toquoteHuxley.
ThesereformerssawthisreinterpretationofBuddhismas a waytodefendandrevivetheirreligioninthefaceofthechallengesposedbycolonialismandChristianmissionaries.
ByframingBuddhismas a rational, empirical, andscientifically-mindedtradition, theseAsianreformersaimedtorestoreBuddhism's prestigeandrelevancein a worldthatwasrapidlymodernizing.
HepromotedtheBuddhaas a scientistandBuddhismas a religioncompatiblewithmodernscience, incontrastwiththeperceptionofJesusas a miracle-workinghealerandChristianityasanunscientificorspeculativereligion.
Hisreformsfocusedon a fewkeyelements, rejectingtheauthorityofclergy, embracingindividualism, adopting a rationalandpragmaticapproachtoBuddhistteachings, throwingoutthesupernaturalormagicalaspectsofBuddhism, andinsistingthatBuddhismis a philosophyratherthan a religion.
Now, hedoesn't identifyas a secularBuddhist, butheembracesandhasstudiedBuddhist-stylemeditation.
現在、彼は世俗的な仏教徒とは認めていないが、仏教式の瞑想を受け入れ、学んでいる。
Heinviteshisreaderstoconsider a famoussayingfromtheChanBuddhistmonk, Linji.
彼は読者に、チャン仏教の僧侶であるリンジの有名な言葉を考えてみるよう勧める。
IfyoumeettheBuddhaontheroad, killhim.
もし道で仏陀に出会ったら、殺せ。
Soundsextreme, butthestatementisofteninterpretedtomeanthatweneedtoletgoofattachmentsandexternalauthoritiesiftheyprohibitusfromattainingawakening, evenifthatattachmentisto a respectedteacherordoctrine.
TheauthorandjournalistRobertWrightsimilarlypopularized a westernizedsecularBuddhisminhisbook, WhyBuddhismisTrue, whichsynthesizesBuddhismwithevolutionarypsychology, claimingthatBuddhistpracticesandteachingsprovide a practicalwaytoalleviatethesufferingrootedinourbiology, psychology, andsocietyatlarge.
A two-yearstudyconductedby a teamledbythescholarSarahRahmaniexploredwhethermindfulnessmeditationactsas a sortofsecularreligionforitspractitioners, andtheyfoundthatitoftenservesas a gatewaytosecularBuddhism.
Intheirstudy, atheisticBuddhismreferstoindividualswhoengagewithBuddhistteachingsin a naturalisticandpragmaticwaywhilerejectingsupernaturalelementslikekarmaandrebirth.
Thosewith a spiritualbutnotreligiousoutlookoftenhavenegativeviewsoftraditionalreligion, buttheyreporthavingtransformativeexperiencesduringsomethinglike a meditationretreat, whichleadthemtobelievein a higherrealmorspiritualpower, thoughtheygenerallykeepthesebeliefsprivatetomaintain a secularappearance.
SecularBuddhismconsciouslydistinguishesitselffromreligiousformsofBuddhism, andsoitcouldbeseenas a formofnon-religion, shapedbyitsdeliberatedeparturefrom a moretraditionalreligiousidentity.
What's actuallyhappeningisthey'vetradedoneculturalcontextforanother, a mostlysecular, mostlywhite, andmostlywesterncontextthatprioritizes a scientificspirituality.
Inanycase, canonicalBuddhisttextsandthelivedexperiencesofBuddhistsacrosstheworlddemonstratethatBuddhismhas a richandcomplexcosmologypopulatedbytonsofgodsandothersupernaturalbeings.