I thinkoneofthemostimportantfindingsinthelastfewyearsinneuroscienceisthatwhilethemoleculedopamineisassociatedwithreward, it's moreaboutmotivationandcraving.
Andwhen I saythecommoncurrencyisdopamine, what I meanisthemoleculedopamine, whensecretedinthebrain, makesuspursuethings, buildthings, createthings, makesuswantnewthingsthatwedon't currentlyalreadyhave.
Andsoithas a lotofdimensionstoit, butratherthanthinkaboutdopamineas a signalforreward, like a dopaminehit, weclassicallytalkaboutit, it's moreaccuratereallytothinkaboutdopamineasdrivingmotivationandcravingtogoseekrewards.
Andthennowthatthey'relike a gazillionTEDTalks, I rememberspending a winterinmyofficewhen I was a juniorprofessor, cleaningmyofficefinallyandbingingTEDTalksinthebackground, thinkingthisis a gooduseofmytime.
It's a seriousproblembecauseitcreates a cyclewhereyouneedmoreofthatspecificthing.
これは深刻な問題で、特定のものをより多く必要とするサイクルを生み出してしまうからだ。
I wouldsayaddictionis a progressivenarrowingofthethingsthatbringyoupleasure.
依存症とは、自分に喜びをもたらすものをどんどん狭めていくことだ。
God, that's such a gooddefinition.
いい定義だね。
And I don't liketocommenttoomuchonenlightenmentbecause I don't reallyknowwhatthatisas a neurobiologist, but a goodlife, wecouldsay, is a progressiveexpansionofthethingsthatbringyoupleasure.
Andso I thinkthatifyoulookatanydrugofabuseoranysituationwheresomebodyisn't motivatedorthinks, nowtheymayhaveclinicallydiagnosedattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder, but a lotofwhatpeoplethinkisADHD, itturnsout, ispeoplejustover-consumingdopaminefromvarioussources.
Andthentheothershiftisnormallyyouwalkfromoneroomtoanotherorfrom a fieldintothetreesorfrom a hutinto a houseorwhateveritis, butnowyoucanget 10,000 contextswitchesinthat 30 minutesofscrollingonInstagramorTikTok.
Andoneofthereasons I'vegottenexcitedaboutpubliceducationandteachingneuroscienceisthatthisis a placewhereknowledgeofknowledgeactuallycanallowoneselftointervene.
Eventuallytheygettothepointwhere a slightshockthatwaspreviouslyverypainfulactuallyevokes a senseofpleasure.
やがて、以前はとても痛かったちょっとした衝撃が、実際には快感を呼び起こすようになる。
Nowyoucouldn't dotheseexperimentsanymore.
今はもう、このような実験はできない。
Thesearenottheexperiments I doinmylab.
これは私が研究室で行っている実験ではない。
Theseareolderexperiments.
これらは古い実験だ。
Butforinstance, andthishasbeendiscussedinscientificresearchpapers, givingsomebodylike a 10 minuteicebath, forinstance, oreven a threeminuteicebathor a oneminuteicebathisquitepainful.
Buttherewas a studyfromtheUniversityofPrague, a EuropeanJournalofPhysiologyshowedthatafter a painfulicebathstimulus, theamountofdopaminereleasegoesupfortwoand a halfhoursto 250% abovebaseline.
しかし、プラハ大学の研究で、痛みを伴う氷浴刺激の後、ドーパミンの放出量が2時間半にわたってベースラインの250%にまで上昇することが、『European Journal of Physiology』誌で発表された。
I thinkoneofthemostimportantfindingsinthelastfewyearsinneuroscienceisthatwhilethemoleculedopamineisassociatedwithreward, it's moreaboutmotivationandcraving.