20、 Obama
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I receive your organization that is the bucket field of social policy
I can’t define who comes to us or how long they stay
We get the people for whom nothing else is worked
People who are fallen for all the other social safety nets
They can’t contain them so we must. That’s our job.
Contain them, control them.
Over the years, as a prison system, as a nation and as a society, we become very good at that
But that shouldn’t make you happy.
Today, we incarcerate more people per capita than any other country in the world.
We have more black men in prison today than wonder slavery in 1850.
We house the parents of almost 3 million of our communities’ children
And we become the new asylum. The largest know how provider in this nation.
When we lock someone up that is not a small thing.
And yet we’re call department of corrections.
Today I want to talk about changing the way we think about corrections.
I believe in my experience tells me that when we change the way we think, we create new possibilities or futures.
And prisons need a different future.
I spent my entire career in corrections over thirty years
I followed my dad into this field. He was a Vietnam veteran. Corrections suited him.
He was strong steady discipline.
I was not so much any those things and I’m sure that worrying about me.
Eventually, I decided if I was going to end up in prison, I’d better end up on the right side of the bars.
So I thought I’d check it out.
Take a tour the place my dad work.
McNeil Island Penitentiary.
Now this was the early eighties. The prisons wasn’t quite what you see on TV or in the movies.
In many ways, it was worse. I walked in was sell house those five tiers high.
The rape and the cell for 550 men that living in it.
And just in case you wonder, fisher one toilet no small confines.
An officer put t key in lockbox in hundreds men streamed out theirselves.
Hundreds of men streamed out themselves. I walked away as fast as I could.
Eventually, I went back and I started as an officer there.
My job was to run one of those cell blocks and to control those hundreds of men.
When I went to work in our reception center, I could actually hear the image drawn from the parking lot,
Shaking cell doors, yelling, tearing up their cells.
Take hundreds of all people and lock them up and what you get is chaos.
Contain and control that was our job.
One way we want to do this more effectively, was a new type of housing unit
Called intensive management unit.
I am you, a modern version of a whole.
We put inmates in cell behind solid steel doors with cut broads, so we can restrain them and feed them.
Guess what?
It got quieter. Disturbances died down a general population.
Places became safer because those inmates who are most violent or disruptive now be isolated.
But isolation is a good to pry people social contact and they deteriorate.
It was hard getting them out if I am you, for them and for us.
Even in prison, it’s no small thing to lock someone up.
My next assignment was to one of the states’ deep in prisons
Where someone far more violent or disruptive limits for house.
By then the industry had advanced a lot, we had different tools and techniques to manage disruptive behaviors.
We have beam back gun and pepper spray and Plexiglas shields, flash bangs, emergency response teams.
We met violence with force in chaos with chaos.
We were pretty good at putting out fires.
While I was there I met two experienced correction workers who are also researchers, an anthropologist and a sociologist.
One day one of them comment to me and said you’re pretty good at putting out fires.
Have you ever thought about how to prevent them?
I was patient with them explaining our brutal force approach to making prisons safer.
They were patient with me out of those conversations we grew up some new ideas and we started some small experiments.
First, we stared training officers in teams rather than sending them one or two at a time to stay in training academy.
Instead of four weeks of training, we gave them ten.
Then, we experimented with an apprenticeship model repaired new staff with veteran staff.
They both got better at the work.
Second, we had a verbal escalation skills into the training continue on and made a part of the use of force continue on.
It was the non force to use of force.
And we did something even more radical, we trained inmates almost the same skills.
We changed the skill set reducing violence not just responding to it.
Third, we expanded our facility. We tried a new type of design.
Now the biggest and most controversial component of this design a course was the toilet.
There were no toilets.
Now, that might not sound significant to you today
But at the time, it was huge.
No one has ever heard of a cell without toilet.
We all thought it was dangerous and crazy even a man house has a toilet.
That small detail change the way we work.
Inmates and staff started interacting more often and openly in developing report.
It was easier to detect conflict intervene before escalated.
The unit was clear, quieter, safer, and more humane.
This was more effective in keeping the peace in any intimidation technique had seen to that point.
Interacting changes our way to behave. Both for the officer and the inmates.
We changed the environment and we changed the behavior.
Now, just in case, I haven’t learned this lesson, they assigned me to headquarters next,
And that’s where I ran straight up against system change.
Now, many things work against system change.
Politics and politicians, bills and laws, courts and lawsuits, internal politics.
System change is difficult and slow.
In oftentimes, it doesn’t take you where you want to go.
It’s no small thing to change a prison system.
So what I didn’t do was I reflected on my earlier experiences.
I remembered that when irritate two defenders then he went down.
When we changing environment, behavior change. And these were not huge system changes.
These were small changes and these changes create new possibilities.
So next I got reassigned a super tended a small prison.
And at the same time, I was working on my degree at the Evergreen State College.
I interact with a lot of people who were not like me. people have different ideas and came from different backgrounds.
One of them was rainforest ecologist.
She looked at my small prison, and what she saw was a laboratory.
We talked and discovered how prison’s inmates can actually help advanced science.
By helping them complete projects that they couldn’t complete on their own.
Like repopulating endangered species, frogs, butterflies. Endangered party plants
At the same time, we found ways to make our operation more efficient through the addition over a solar power, rainwater catchment
Organic gardening, recycling.
This initiative has led to many projects that had huge system-wide impact
Not just our system but another state systems as well.
Small experiments making a big difference.
The science to the community. The way we think about our work changes our work.
The project just make my job more interesting and exciting.
I was excited. Staffs were excited. Officers were excited. Inmates were excited.
They were inspired. Everybody wanted to be a part of this.
They’re making a contribution and difference. One they thought was meaningful and important.
Let me be clear on what’s going on there though.
Inmates are highly adaptive. They have to be.
Oftentimes, they know more about our own systems than the people who run them.
And they’re here for a reason.
I don’t see my job is to punish them or forgive them.
But I do think they can have decent and meaningful lives even in prison.
So that was a question.
Could inmates live a decent and meaningful life?
And if so, what difference would that make?
So I took that question back to the deep end where some of our most violent offenders were housed.
Remember I’m a user for punishment. You don’t get perks are like programming that was how we thought.
And then we started to realize that if any inmates need this programming.
It was these particular inmates, in fact they needed intensive program.
So we changed our thinking 180 degrees and we start looking for new possibilities.
What we found was a new kind of chair.
Instead of using the chair for punishment, we put it in classrooms.
We didn’t forget our responsibility to control.
But now inmates can interact safely face to face with other inmates and staff.
And because control was no longer an issue, everybody could focus on other things.
Like learning, behavior changed.
We changed our thinking and we changed what was possible and that gives me hope.
Now, I can’t tell you that any of this stuff will work.
What I can tell you though, it is working.
Our prison are getting safer for both staff and inmates.
And more prisons are safe, we can put our energy in a lot more than just controlling.
Reducing recidivism maybe our ultimate goal, but it’s not our only goal.
To be honest with you, preventing crime took so much more from so many more people in institutions.
If we rely on just present to reduce the crime, I’m afraid we’ll never get there.
But prisons can do something we never thought they could do.
Prisons can be the source of innovation and sustainability.
Repopulating endangered species, environmental restoration.
Inmates can be scientists and beekeepers, dog rescuers.
Prisons can be the source of a meaningful work and opportunity for staff and the inmates who live there.
We can contain and control and provide humane environments.
These are not opposing qualities.
We can’t wait ten to twenty years to find out if this is worth doing.
Our strategy is not massive system change.
Our strategies hundreds of small changes that take place in days or months not years.
We need more small pilots where we learn as we go.
Pilots that change the range of possibility.
We need new better way to measure impacts on engagement on interaction on safe environments.
We need more opportunities to participate in and contribute to our communities, your communities.
Prisons need to be secure. Yes. Safe. Yes.
We can do that. Prisons you provide humane environments where people can participate, contribute and more meaningful lives.
We’re learning how to do that.
That’s why I’m hopeful.
We don’t have to stay stuck in old ideas about prison.
We can define that. We can create that.
And when we do that thoughtfully with humanity.
Prisons can be more than the bucket prevail social policy.
Maybe finally, we’ll honor title.
A department of corrections.
Thank you!
コツ：単語をクリックしてすぐ意味を調べられます！

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中級 米

【TED】ダン・パチョルキ: 受刑者の有意義な人生のために、刑務所ができること (Dan Pacholke: How prisons can help inmates live meaningful lives)

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Go Tutor 2014 年 10 月 26 日 に公開

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