Incontrast, someonein a stateofpsychosisisgenuinelyunabletotellthattheirexperiencesarenotpartof a sharedreality, andtheirreality-testingability, suchastheirabilitytotellthatthevoicestheyarehearingarenotinfactcomingfromtheoutsideworld, isdistinctlyimpaired.
Thiscanalsobeexperiencedas a sensethattheirbodyisoutoftheircontrolorthattheyareobservingtheirbodyfromanoutsideperspective, orthattheirbehaviorisbeingcontrolledbysomeoneelseasiftheywere a dollorpuppet.
Forexample, someonewithdissociativeamnesiamaybeunabletorememberanythingthathappenedintheirlifeinthemonthsafterthedeathoftheirchild a yearago, buttheywouldbeabletomemorizenewinformationsuchas a listofitemstobuyfromthegrocerystore.
However, peoplewhodissociatetendtorememberfalseorsuggestedmemorieswith a muchhigherfrequencythanmostpeople, andwith a vividnessclosertotheirmemoriesofactualevents.
Thefirstofthesehypnoticsymptomsisabsorption, whichis a stateofbeinghighlyengagedinorentrancedbymentalimagerytotheexclusionofeverythingelsegoingonintheoutsideworld.
Tocontinuetheexamplefrombefore, forsomeonewhoisabsorbedintheaudiobook, theprocessofwalkingisdonewithoutconsciousawarenessofeffort, includingevenmorecomplextaskslikestayingon a pathoravoidingwalkinginto a tree.
Forexample, let's saysomeonegoeson a rollercoasterforthefirsttimeandfeelsthattheyarehaving a greattimewhileonit.
例えば、初めてジェットコースターに乗った人が、乗っている間はとても楽しいと感じたとしよう。
However, aftergettingofftheride, if a friendtellsthem, youlooksoterrified, theymaynowrememberbeingterrifiedontherideratherthanexcitediftheyarehighlysuggestible.
Thisdiscrepancyisbelievedtobeatleastpartiallyrelatedtohigherratesofabusehistoriesinwomencomparedtomen, as a historyoftrauma, especiallyduringearlychildhood, is a majorriskfactorfordeveloping a dissociativedisorder, withmorethan 90% ofpeoplediagnosedwiththesedisordersreporting a historyofchildhoodtrauma.
However, over 80% ofpatientsstillmetcriteriaforanypsychiatricdisorder, withanxiety, somatoform, andpersonalitydisorders, especiallyborderlinepersonalitydisorder, beingcommon.
Treatmentstudiesondissociativedisordersalsohaveanunfortunatetendencytorefertotreatmentin a generalsense, andnotprovideanydetailsontheexacttypeofinterventionsused.
However, sinceweknowthatdissociativephenomenatendtonaturallylessenovertimeevenwithouttreatment, it's unclearwhetherthebeneficialeffectsobservedwiththerapyare a directresultoftherapy, orsimplythenaturalcourseofthedisorder.
Thesegapsoftenoccuraroundthetimeoftraumaticeventsandtendtohavewell-definedborders, witheverythingbeforeandafter a specifictimeperiodbeingremembered, justnotthetimeitself.
Inseverecases, theamnesiacanbesoprofoundthatpeopleforgettheirownnameandidentity, leadingto a fuguestateinwhichtheywillwanderaroundwithnoknowledgeofwhotheyareorwherethey'refrom.
Wetalkedearlierabouthowdissociationcanbeanunsettlingandunpleasantexperience, soitmakessensethatpeoplewhoexperienceitregularlycouldbecomequitedistressedorevendisabledas a result.
Dissociativeidentitydisorderischaracterizedby a consistentpatternofderealization, depersonalization, andmemorylapsesthataresevereenoughthatsomeoneexperiencesthemascompletelyseparateidentitystates, leadingto a fragmentationofidentityand a sensationthattheyare a completelydifferentpersonfromonemomenttothenext.
Theaforementionedtendencytowardsmemoryerrorsalsomakesitharderforpatientstoholdonto a consistentsenseofself.
前述した記憶エラーの傾向も、患者が一貫した自己感覚を保持することを難しくしている。
Tounderstandhowaffectivelabilityandmemoryerrorscanleadto a sensationofchangingidentity, askyourself, howdoyouknowthatyou'rethesamepersonfromonemomenttothenext?
Itmaysurpriseyoutorealizethatthingslikephysicalappearancedon't actuallymatterthatmuch, asevenifyouweretolookin a mirrorandsee a completelydifferentperson, youwouldprobablystillhaveyourinnersenseofwhoyouare.
However, ifyourmemorieswerepronetodisappearing, andyourthoughts, behaviors, andemotionswereconstantlychanginginresponsetonewemotionalstates, itwouldbedifficulttofeellikethesamepersonat 5 o'clockwhenyou'resittingcalmlyin a chairreading a bookthanyoudidat 4 o'clockwhenyouwereangrilyshoutingandthrowingthingsaroundtheroom.
Thisishowdissociativeidentitydisorderfeelsfor a patientexperiencingit, andthisisthepatternyoushouldlookfor, ratherthananythinginvolvingmultiplepeoplelivinginsidethesamebody.
Whilethisisintendedtobe a helpfulcounterpointtothestatusquo, ithasthepotentialtomakedissociativedisordersoverdiagnosedbycertainclinicians, furthermuddyingthewaters.