I wouldliketoknowwhysomanypeopleattheslightestsightofsunshineandwarmthhavesharplyincreasedenthusiasmforlife, andtheirmoodsappearfarhappier. I'm wonderingastothescienceonwhetherit's actuallybetterhealth-wisetolivein a warmclimate.
I'd likeyou, Michael, totellme a bitmoreaboutthebitofAustraliathatyou'refrom, because I alwaysthinkofAustraliaashotandsunny, butyouliveinananomaly?
マイケル、あなたの出身地であるオーストラリアについてもう少し詳しく教えてほしい。
I thinktheanomalyisthesouthernpart, particularlywhere I'm frominMelbourne, whichissouthernVictoria. Wehaveanoceanicclimate, whichisnotmuchdifferenttowhatyouguyshaveinLondon. Ofcourse, wehavegreatervariationwithhigherhighs, butwealsohave a terriblygloomyclimatebythestandardofAustralia, andthat's what's importanttorememberhere, Marnie. Thisisnotbythestandardof, I don't know, Scandinaviaorsomethinglikethat. Theproblemthatwehaveherelocallyistheinconsistency. Summertimeorleadingintosummertime, youmighthave a 25, 26, 27 degreedayforthreedaysin a row, andit'lljusttankto 16, 17. Can I askwhatkindofeffectthathasonthepeopleinMelbourne? Whatyouhaveisthattypicalcoldclimatedrop-headedness. I alsolivedinSweden, and I noticeditabsolutelyeverywhereinSweden.
No, notreally. I mean, I'm interestedinthescienceastowhetheritisactuallyfactuallybetterhealth-wisetobaseyourselfin a warmclimate, orifit's inyourmind, andthereforeyouhave a betterexistencebecauseyourmindis a littlehealthierbecauseofit.
Extremely. Yougetit a lotherewithpeoplewitharthritisandotherconditionslikethatwherethedoctorswillsaytoyou, hey, youprobablyreallyshouldconsiderlivingin a warmerclimate. Wehavethatoptiongrantedinthiscountry.
Myname's Carol. I wasdiagnosedwithMEandfibromyalgiaandhad a lotofjointpainandnervepain. When I cametolivehereinSpain, theheatactuallymademephysicallybetteraswellaspsychologically. Youwanttogooutsidemore, ratherthaninEngland. Youfeelasifyouwanttostayinthewarmthofyourhome.
MynameisAlwyn, and I'velivedherefor 19 years, I think. When I wasdiagnosedwitharthritis, thenitjustseemedlike a goodideaand I talkeditoverwith a consultantandhethoughtitwas a goodidea, sooutwecame. I don't knowifit's justthatyoupsychologicallyfeelbetteraboutitwhenthesun's shining, orwhetheryoureallyfeelbetter, butit's certainlynotasachy.
Oneoptionisthatwarm, niceweathermayaffectpeople's mood. Becausewesawinourstudythatpeople's moodhad a strongrelationshipwithpain. Andthatwasevenstrongerthanthelinkbetweenweatherandpain. Ofcourse, youhave a bitof a chickenandeggquestion. Soweactuallycouldn't determinewhatcamefirst, thebadmoodor a lotofpain. And I thinkifyousuffer a lotofpain, andallthedailylivingactivitiesgetmuchharder, yeah, thenthatmayalsoaffectyourmood.
Yes, yes. I readoneinterestingarticle, wheretheysentpeoplefromNorwaytoSpaintobenefitfromtheclimate. And I thinkthere, duringthewholestudyperiod, whichmaybewasonemonthorso, theydidn't seeanydifferences. Butthefirstcoupleofdays, peoplewerebothhappierandmorepainfreethantheywereintheirhomelocation.
We'vejustarrivedinRukanandletmejustsayit's a lotcolderthanitwasinSpain.
今、ルカンに着いたところだが、スペインにいたときよりもずっと寒い。
Myfingersarefreezingandthat's partlybecauseforsixmonthsoftheyear, inthisvalley, thesundoesn't reachthetownatall. Until a fewyearsago, theonlywaypeoplecouldcatchanyrayswastotake a cablecartothetopofoneofthemountainsoverlookingthetown. I'm goingtotake a ridetothetopandfindoutwhat a differenceitmakesforpeoplewholivetheirlifeintheshadows.
I alwaysthoughtthat, I mean, ofcoursethesunissomethingyouneed. Andyouneedthattosurviveandlive. Andthefactthatpeopleactuallyliveherewithoutit, it's fascinating.
For a start, weusedirectsunshinetomakevitamin D, whichmightplay a roleinregulatingmoodandiswellknowntoguardagainstmanyconditionsfromcoldstocardiovasculardisease.
Especiallyintheautumntime, it's a verybigdifferencebetweenbeinginthesunandbeingintheshadowbecauseitpusheddownthecoldsomehow. And I mean, thetown, itneverdriesup.
I arrivedinRukanon a sunnyday, bywhich I mean, youcouldseethebrightsunshineglintingoffthemountaintops. Well, Martinwantedtoputsomemassivemirrorsupthereandanglethemtoreflectlightdownintothetown. Andin 2013, a hundredyearsafter
Andsadly, thatconnectioncrashedabout a weekbefore I arrived. ButMartintakesmeoutsideanywaytolookupatthemirrorsandpaint a pictureoflifeinthetownwhentheyworked.
Butit's specialsunexactlybecauseit's reflected. I mean, isitthesamesun?
でも、反射しているからこそ特別な太陽なんだ。つまり、同じ太陽なのか?
No, it's justtheimageofthesun. Butitmakes a verynicecontrasttotherestoftheplace. I callitlike a smilingmachinebecausepeople, theycomeinandtheneverybodysmiles.
Rukanisshowingmehowradicallythesuncanalterourbehaviour. Themirrorsthereactas a magnetforbringingpeopletogetherattheheightofwinter, evenforjust a fewminutes. Theyalsoremindthemwhat's roundthecorner, spring.
OscarIbarrais a professoroforganisationalbehaviourattheUniversityofIllinoisintheUS. Hewaspartof a teamthatdiscoveredthatseasonalsunshinenotonlymakesushappier, itcanalsohelpustothinkmoreclearly.
Ah, nuance. Becausewehumansarecomplex. AndOscar's teamthought a sunnydayintherightcontextmighthave a strongeffect. Theydesigned a seriesofexperimentstotesthowmuchofaneffectseasonaldifferenceshadonmoodandcognition. Andtheyfoundtwofactorswereimportant.
There's lotsofdifferentexamples, whetheryoulookattheMayainCentralAmericaoryoulookatAngkorWatinSoutheastAsia, whichsocietieswerefacedwithverylongdroughtsorextremelycoldconditionsifyou'reveryfarnorthfor a longtimeorextremelyhotconditionsfor a longtime.
Andweseethatthatput a lotofstressonthesesocietiestothepointwhereinmanycasesgovernmentscollapsedandthatwasreallytheendofthosecommunities.
その結果、多くの場合、政府は崩壊し、コミュニティは終焉を迎えた。
I'm intrigued. I mean, howdoyoupinpointtheroleofclimateinthecollapseofanentirecivilization?
興味をそそられるね。つまり、文明全体の崩壊における気候の役割をどうやって特定するのか?
It's challengingtosaythattheclimatewastheonlyreasonwhy a societybrokedown.
ある社会が崩壊した理由が気候だけだと言うのは難しい。
Inmanycases, whatyouseeis a patternofoverlappingstresses.
多くの場合、ストレスが重なり合うパターンが見られる。
So, forexample, inthecaseofAngkorWat, youknow, theywereatwarwiththeirneighbouringcityfor a longtime. Atthesametime, theyhadtosupport, youknow, a growingpopulationandthentheywerefacedwith a multi-yeardroughtthattheyweretryingtocopewithandmanage.
Andoneofmyformerstudents, PatrickBayliss, hedidthisreallyinterestingstudywherehebasicallyjustlookedat a billiondifferenttweetsfromallacrosstheUnitedStates.
Serotoninis a keyhormonethatstabilizesourmoodandfeelingsofhappiness.
セロトニンは、私たちの気分や幸福感を安定させる重要なホルモンである。
Scientistswho'velookedathowsunshineaffectsthelevelsofserotoninwe'reabletoprocessinthespringandsummerhaveconcludedit's notabouttemperature, butaccesstodaylightandoutsidedirectdaylightthatmakes a difference.