And the bodily dimension of jhana attainment of absorptions 1 to 4 is one of these. And if you look at this discourse, at this whole array of different practices presented to us there, this is very helpful because it helps to counterbalance the somewhat disconcerting or somewhat shocking impression that can come if we look only at one of these, the contemplation of anatomical parts, or only at the cemetery contemplations. In fact, the contemplation of anatomical parts comes with an explicit element of evaluation, which sees the body in a negative light. And the cemetery contemplation is about looking at the body that is gradually decaying, which is also somewhat stark practice. And there has been a tendency in early generations of scholars on Buddhism to kind of, I assume, take these practices a little bit out of context, and then draw the conclusion that the early Buddhists, they hate their body, and they don't know anything better than to get rid of the body and want to get out of bodily experiences. And this is really an unbalanced assessment. If you look at the array of practices in Kāyāgatā Siddhi Sūtra, in this discourse on mindfulness of the body, we see that this, let us call it more negative type of attitude, has its counterbalance in the intense happiness and bliss experienced at the bodily level through absorption. And the two stand in a connection with each other. Particularly, contemplation of the anatomical parts is really meant as a tool for those who have strong sensual desires to counterbalance the type of perception that leads to the arousal of sensual desire. And to be able to handle sensual desire is an indispensable condition for being then able to cultivate the mind such that one can attain absorption. So the two stand in a very clear relationship to each other. And on the next, on the other side, absorption yields such refined and intense types of joy and happiness that it automatically divests sensuality of its attraction. And when we see this cross-connection, then we can understand the purpose of this sometimes a little bit negatively formulated attitude towards the body. In a kind of middle position between these two, well,
そして、吸収1から4のジャナ達成の身体的次元は、これらの一つである。この言説を見ると、そこで私たちに提示されているさまざまな実践の配列全体を見ると、このことは非常に役に立つ。なぜなら、これらのうちの1つである解剖学的部位の観想だけ、あるいは墓地の観想だけを見ていると、いささか不穏な、あるいはいささかショッキングな印象を受けることがあるが、それを打ち消すのに役立つからである。実際、解剖学的な部位の観想には、身体を否定的に見るという明確な評価の要素が伴う。また、墓地での観想は、徐々に朽ち果てていく肉体を見つめ