Forgenerations, the U.S. hasbeenIsrael's mostpowerfulandsteadfastally.
何世代にもわたって、米国はイスラエルにとって最も強力で揺るぎない同盟国であった。
AndthoughthislatestwarwithHamasisn't thefirsttimeourgovernmenthasfacedpublicpushbackregardingIsrael's tactics, therecentoutcryhassuccessfullyforcedtheadministrationtowork a littleharderatappearingtogive a shitabouthumanitarianconcerns.
In 2023, the U.S. transferred $80.9 billionofmilitaryaidtoitsalliesandpartners, thehighestannualtotalever, marking a nearly 56% increasefromthepreviousyear.
ItalsogavetheStateDepartment a May 8 deadlinetoreporttoCongressoncredibleandreliablewrittenassurancesthateachcountryreceiving U.S. militaryaidforanactiveconflictisusingthosesuppliesincompliancewithinternationalhumanitarianlaw. OnMay 3, fivedaysbeforethatreportwasdue, ColoradoRep. JasonCrowled a cohortof 86 Democraticlawmakerswhosigned a lettertoBidenclaimingthatdespiteIsrael's claims, ithasindeedviolatedinternationallawandobstructed U.S. aiddeliveriestoGaza.
I layallthisouttodemonstratethatpeoplearespeakingupagainstIsrael's brutalityatvariouslevelsofourgovernment. Yet, nomatterwhathappens, itseemslikethe U.S.'s allegiancetoIsraelcan't beshaken. Tofindoutwhy, I thinkit's worthgoingwaybacktotheverybeginningtoseewhatmotivatedourallianceinthefirstplaceandfindouthowtherelationshiphasevolved. Turnsout, the U.S. hassidedwithIsraelsincedayone.
Palestinewas a Britishcolonyfrom 1917 to 1948, andduringthattimethe U.S. wasn't reallyinvolved. In 1947, wewerepartofthe U.N. GeneralAssemblyvoteapprovingthe 1947
BritishruleinPalestinewasscheduledtoend, Israeldeclareditselfanindependentstate, kickingofftheArab-Israeliwar. ElevenminutesafterIsraelannounceditsstatehood, President
HarryTrumanissued a statementmakingthe U.S. thefirstnationtorecognizeIsrael's independence.
ハリー・トルーマンが声明を発表し、米国はイスラエルの独立を承認した最初の国となった。
Now, whywasthe U.S. soeagertojumpintobedwith a tinynewnationalreadyembroiledinconflict? Accordingtoformer U.S. AmbassadortoIsraelSamuelLewis, thereweresixmainreasonsforTruman's declarationin 1948. One, re-election. Trumanwasupforre-electionandknewhecouldn't affordtolosetheJewishvote. ManyAmericanJewswerelobbyingfor a Jewishstateatthetime, andaftermakinghisdecisivemoveofsupportforIsrael, Trumansecured 75 percentoftheJewishvoteandultimatelywonre-election. Thoughit's worthnotingthatJewishpeopleaccountforabouttwopercentofthe U.S. population, solet's notgetanyconspiratorialideasaboutJewscontrollingelectionoutcomes, okay? Numbertwo, guilt. In 1924, the U.S. passed a newimmigrationpolicycalledtheJohnson-ReedAct, whichestablishednewliteracytestsandquotastocurtailEuropeanimmigrationandpreservetheidealof U.S. homogeneity. Theresultwasthat U.S. borderswerealmostentirelysealedofftotheEuropeanJewswhowerelatermurderedintheHolocaust. In 1948, thatguiltwaspowerful. Three, humanitarianism. JewishpeoplewhohadsurvivedtheHolocaustclearlyneededsomewheretogo, andit's notlikewewantedthemtolivehere. Four, Judeo-Christianenthusiasm. Anytimethere's a biblicalexcusetodosomething, a lotoffolkswillgetexcited. The
KennedysentIsraelUSHawkanti-aircraftmissilesin 1963, alongwithassurancesofmilitarysupportintheeventofanArabinvasion. Inexchange, KennedywasabletonegotiatesomeconcessionsregardingIsrael's burgeoningnuclearresearchcenter, whichwewereobviouslyreallykeentokeep a closeeyeon. WhereKennedyhadunlockedthedoor, Lyndon B. Johnsonkickeditdown. LBJwasalready a majorfanofIsrael, havingsupportedeveryaidpackageandvotingagainstanysanctionsduringhistimeas a senatorandmajorityleader. AstheUSSRsteadilyincreasedmilitaryaidto
また、核拡散防止条約に署名するようイスラエルに圧力をかけることもなかった。これは、イスラエルのQME(Qualitative Military Edge:質的軍事的優位)と呼ばれる、イスラエルが数で勝る敵対者を抑止するための技術的、戦術的、その他の優位性への米国のコミットメントの誕生であった。しかし、だからといってジョンソンはイスラエルからの要求をすべて承認したわけではない。1967年、エジプトがエイラート港を封鎖したとき、イスラエルはアメリカに電話した。もっと武器を送ってくれないと、間違いなくケツを蹴ら
Americanswereimpressed. DavidhaddefeatedGoliathin a moralfightforindependence.
アメリカ人は感動した。ダビデは独立のための道徳的な戦いでゴリアテを倒したのだ。
Atleastthat's howourpressreportedit. EvangelicalChristianAmericanswereparticularlyexcitedaboutthiswin. They'd alwaysbeendownwithIsraelbecause, like I said, sinceintheBible, GodpromisedlandtoAbraham, that's basically a realestatecontract.
RichardNixonwasthefirstpresidenttoseeIsraelas a strategicasset. In 1971, heincreasedmilitaryaidfromlessthan $100 millionannuallytomorethan $300 millionperyear. ThenextmajorflashpointinourrelationshipwithIsraelcametwoyearslaterin 1973. EgyptandSyria, bothbackedbytheUSSR, teamedupagainstIsraelinanattempttorecapturelandthey'd lostintheSix-DayWar. Thistime, Israelwasgenuinelyindeepshit. SoPresidentNixonjumpedintoaction, tellingHenryKissingertosendeverythingthatwillfly. WhatfollowedwasthelargestairliftinAmericanhistory, followedbyIsraelivictorythreeweekslater. Bytheendofthewar, nearly 53,500 peoplehaddied, themostcasualtiesfromanymilitaryconfrontationbetweenIsraelanditsneighborsuptothatpoint. Intheaftermathofthefighting, the U.S. played a centralroleinnegotiatingpeaceagreements, hopingtostabilizetheregionandpreventtheneedfor U.S. interventionintheeventofanotherseriousmilitaryconflict. In 1978, President
UnitedNationsambassador, AndrewYoung, wasforcedtoresignafteritbecameknownthathehadconcealed a meetingwith a representativeofthePalestineLiberationOrganization, orPLO. Youngwastoohipfortheroom, frankly, andaccordingtotheWashingtonPost, injustfivemonthsonthejob, Younghadbecome a controversialfigureforhisoff-the-cuffcommentsabouthowCubantroopswere a stabilizingforceinAngola, andhowtheBritish, theRussians, theSwedes, andthepeopleoftheNewYorkCityboroughofQueenswereracists. HewassummonedbythepresidentaftertellingPlayboymagazinethatRichardNixonandGeraldFordwere, infact, racists. Youngwasn't theonlyAmericantovoicedoubtsaboutIsrael, buthewasoneofrelativelyfew. In 1978, South
Israelin U.S. Congress. TheworstkindofintellectualterrorismisreservedforthepoliticianswhodaretoquestionIsraelonitspolicies. Israelhassowrappeditselfinitsstatereligion, Judaism, thatanycriticismofitspoliticsisimmediatelybrandedascriticismofitsreligion. Thus, thecriticisaccusedofanti-Semitism, a chargethathasservedtosilenceeventhemildestquestioningofIsrael's policies. A senatorwascomplainingaboutthisin 1978. However, duringtheReaganadministration, officialrhetoricshiftedawayfrommoralreasonstosupportIsraelandtowardsmorestrategicones, becausemorally, thingsweregettingprettyquestionable. DuringtheReaganyears, a seriesofpolicymovestied U.S. defensestructuresmuchmorecloselywithIsraelthaneverbefore, atleastinpartmotivatedby a desiretoexertmoreinfluenceoverIsraeltohelpkeepitinline. Twicein 1981, Reaganvotedtosanction
Murphy, Reagan's ambassadortoSaudiArabia, thepresidentwasdeeplydisturbedbytheimageshesawfromthegroundinBeirut. Hemadeitveryplainthathewantedthistocometo a stopwhenthehumansidewaspushedinhisface. Butthefaceofthehumansidewouldsoonchangewhenin 1983, 241 U.S. MarineswerekilledinBeirutbylocalprotesters. SixdaysaftertheMarineswereattacked, PresidentReagansignedNationalSecurityDecisionDirective 111, reinstatingstrategiccollaborationwithIsrael. Soon, Israelandthe U.S. hadestablished a newformaljointpolitical-militarygroupthathasconvenedeverysixmonthssincetocollaborateonplanningandtrainingefforts. In 1985, Israelwasfacinghighinflation, largegovernmentbudgetdeficits, andslowgrowth. TohelpstabilizeandreinvigorateIsrael's economy, the U.S. anditsBFFcreatedthe
Organization, orPLO, recognizedIsrael's righttoexist. IsraelrecognizedthePLOastherepresentativeofthePalestinianpeople, andIsraelitroopsagreedtowithdrawinstagesfromtheWestBankandGaza. In 1994, the U.S. successfullybrokered a peacetreatybetween
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Theyearis 2000, andPresidentBillClintonhassummonedIsraeliPrimeMinisterEhudBarakandPLOChairmanYasserArafattoCampDavidtodiscussborders, settlements, refugees, andJerusalem. Butthenegotiationsfallapart, andmistrustonbothsidessoonsparks a second
PresidentGeorge W. Bushdoesn't have a tonofbandwidthtospare. Earlyinhispresidency,
ジョージ・W・ブッシュ大統領は帯域幅に余裕がない。大統領就任早々
BabyBushseemedeagertodistancehisadministrationfromtheIsraeli-Arabconflictasmuchaspossible, whileremainingfriendlywithIsrael. After 9-11, hebeganpursuing a solutiontotheIsraeli-Palestinianconflict, hopingtobuildMuslimsupportforhiswaragainsttheTalibaninAfghanistan. By 2003, a U.S. policyhaddevelopedcallingforthedemocratizationoftheArabworldas a meansofpreventingterrorism. Itwasbasically a recycledversionofourColdWarstancetowardscommunism. Ifyoubringthemdemocracy, terrorismwon't happen. Easy. WhenObamacametopower, hecontinuedtoemphasizepeace, butwaseagertosethisforeignpolicyapartfromPresidentBush's. ObamabelievedthatreachingouttoformerenemieslikeChina, NorthKorea, Venezuela, Russia, Cuba, etc., andmeetingthemhalfwaywasthebestpathtocompromise. Hegaveparticularfocustowarminguprelationswiththe
Refugees. AsthePLOofficeinWashington, D.C. closed, the U.S. openedanembassyinJerusalem.
難民ワシントンD.C.のPLO事務所が閉鎖されると同時に、アメリカはエルサレムに大使館を開設した。
In 2019, TrumprecognizedtheGolanHeightsaspartofIsraelforthefirsttimesincethelandwascapturedbyIsraelin 1967. Andin 2020, Trump's administrationbrokered a seriesofdealstonormalizerelationsbetweenIsraelandseveralArabstates, includingtheUAEandMorocco. Once
Israelthatcouldthreaten a two-statesolution, likeexpandingitsWestBanksettlements, forexample. In 2021, theBidenadministrationsuccessfullybrokered a ceasefirebetween
PalestiniansinEastJerusalem. In 2022, violencespikedagainbetweenthetwosides, andIsraellaunchedcounterterrorismoperationsintheWestBank. ThelargestoftheseoperationskickedoffinJuly 2023. Andinresponse, Bidenreiteratedthe U.S. mantraofsupportingIsrael's righttodefenditself, thisdespite a somewhatfraughtrelationshipbetweenBidenandNetanyahuovertheyears. AccordingtooldJoe, heonce, yearsago, signed a picturethatlatersaton a young
Palestinianshavediedwithnoendinsight, evenasIsraelhasbeenaccusedofgenocideandotherwarcrimesbytheInternationalCourtofJustice. PollingfromMay 2024 showsthat 70% of U.S. voterssupport a permanentceasefire, 83% ofDemocrats, 65% ofindependents, and 56% ofRepublicans. That's a ninepointincreasefromsupportfor a ceasefiresinceNovember 2023.
ThisrifthascausedimmensestrainforPresidentBiden, whowouldreallyliketowin a secondtermthisNovember, butwhoseactionstowardsIsraelhavealienatedvastswathsofvoters, including a largepopulationofArabAmericanvoters, especiallyinMichigan, a stateTrumpwonbyjustover 10,000 votesin 2016. RepublicansseeBidenpausingthatsingulararmsshipmentas a betrayalofIsrael. Incontrast, DemocratsseeBiden's refusaltopauseanyadditionalarmsshipmentsas a betrayalofthePalestinianpeople. Well, someDemocrats. Though a handfulofprogressivemembersofCongresshavespokenupagainstIsrael's crimes, theircritiqueshaven't beenreceivedwarmly, tosaytheleast. InNovember 2023, Michiganrepresentativeandtheonly
Censureisthestepbeforeexpulsion, thoughit's farlessconsequential. A censuremostlyamountsto a blackstainonsomeone's permanentrecordor a badgeofhonor, dependingonwhoyouask.
Fromthestart, a handfuloftacticshavehadanoutsizedimpacton U.S.-Israelirelations.
当初から、一握りの戦術が米・イスラエル関係に大きな影響を与えてきた。
Aswe'vealreadydiscussed, bothinthisvideoandmyvideoonstudentprotests, conflatingcriticismoftheJewishstatewithanti-SemitismshutsdowneventhepotentialformeaningfulconversationaboutIsraelipolicy. In 2019, MinnesotaRepresentativeIlhanOmarwasthesubjectof a Houseresolutioncondemning a seriesofallegedlyanti-Semiticcommentsshehadmadesince 2012. ThemainfocuswassomethingRepresentativeOmarsaidduring a townhallmeetingin 2019. Shesaid,
Amendmentinvokedwhilecensoring a congresswoman's speech. The U.S. haslongseenIsraelasourideologicalbrotherintheMiddleEast, andboyhowdydoweloveanyexcusetomeddleinthe
ProfessorofHistoryatEmoryUniversityexplainedinTheAtlantic, JewishidentityinAmericaisinherentlyparadoxicalandcontradictory. Whatyouhaveis a groupthatwashistoricallyconsideredandconsidereditselfanoutsidergroup, a persecutedminority. Inthespaceoftwogenerations, they'vebecomeoneofthemostsuccessfulintegratedgroupsinAmericansociety, bymanyaccounts, partoftheestablishment. Andthere's a lotofdissonancebetweenthosetwopositions. SothequestionofwhitenessinAmericaislessaboutskintonethanitisaboutpower. ThestatusofJewishwhitenesscouldbeinterpretedas a measureofsafety. OutsiderstendtoseetheprominentplaceofJewishpeopleinAmericaandbelievetheirpowerisentrenched, iscertain. However, thatstatusfeelslesscertainwithin a communitywhosehistoryhasbeendefinedby a longseriesofexpulsionsandrejections. I bringthisupbecausehowmuchpower
OutsideitsPAC, APACcontinueslobbyingforpoliciesfavorabletoIsrael. OneofitslatestbillswascalledtheMaintainingOurIroncladCommitmenttoIsraelSecurityAct, whichsoughttoensure a roleforCongressinanydecisiontosuspendordelay U.S. armssalestoIsrael.
PACの外でも、APACはイスラエルに有利な政策を求めてロビー活動を続けている。その最新の法案のひとつが、イスラエル安全保障への鉄壁のコミットメントを維持するための法案(Maintaining Our Ironclad Commitment to Israel Security Act)と呼ばれるもので、米国からイスラエルへの武器売却の一時停止や延期の決定において、議会の役割を確保しようとするものである。
Now, a lotoffolksarebigmadatBidenforhisrefusaltomeaningfullycondemnorcombat
今、多くの人々が、バイデンが意味のある非難や闘争を拒否したことに大激怒している。
Israel's actionsinGaza, andhonestly, fair. Thesituationis a trulydepressingexampleofpoliticscomingbeforepeople, anditisstomach-turningtowatchourtaxdollarsgotofunding a genocide. But I hopethisvideohasgivenyousomecontexttoseehowmuchbiggerthisisthantheBidenadministrationoranysinglepresident. LookingbackonourrelationshipwithIsrael, therearemultiplepointsthatitfeelslike a supernaturalthingtodo.