Name: 終身喫煙の禁止BBCニュース (Banning smoking for life: BBC News Review)
Uploaded: 2024-04-22T13:50:30.000Z
Duration: 7 min 58 s

関係詞節（制限と非制限）

This is News Review from BBC Learning English, where we help you understand news headlines in English. I'm Neil.

ニュースの見出しを英語で理解するお手伝いをします。

Make sure you watch to the end to learn all the vocabulary you need to talk about this story.

And remember to subscribe to our channel so you can learn more English from news headlines.

僕はニール。そしてベスです。

ボキャブラリーを覚えるために、必ず最後まで見てほしい。

Buying cigarettes is to become illegal for anyone born after 2009, for their whole life.

Lawmakers in the UK have approved a government plan to create a smoke-free generation.

チャンネル登録もお忘れなく。

The law will make the sale of tobacco products, but not the act of smoking, illegal.

ニュースの見出しから、より多くの英語を学ぶことができます。

Tobacco use is the UK's single biggest preventable cause of death, killing 80,000 people every year.

You've been looking at the headlines, Beth. What's the vocabulary people need to understand this story in English?

タバコの購入は、生まれた時から違法となる。

We have 'backlash,' 'derail,' and 'nuts.'

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

禁煙の世代を作ろうという政府の計画が承認された。

This is from the Financial Times: Rishi Sunak faces Tory backlash against long-term smoking ban.

この法律により、タバコ製品の販売が禁止される、喫煙行為は違法ではないがタバコの使用は 

OK, so this headline says that Rishi Sunak, who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is facing a backlash from members of his own party. That's the Tory party. That's a nickname for Conservative.

英国最大の予防可能な死因である、

We are looking at 'backlash.' It's made of two parts, and it's helpful to break them down.

Yes, so the first part is back, which is the opposite of going forwards. And the second part is lash, which means to hit hard, like this.

Now the original meaning was machinery that, when it broke, went backwards.

And it still has that kind of meaning, but used metaphorically because backlash is a strong rejection of something.

Yes, and that's what this headline is saying, that there are members of Rishi Sunak's own party who really don't like this idea, this proposal, to ban smoking.

この話を英語で理解する必要があるのだろうか？

And so there is a backlash. They reject the idea.

We can also use this, for example, to talk about a school which tries to ban junk food.

バックラッシュ』、『脱線』、『ナッツ』がある。

The kids really want junk food. There could be a backlash against that decision.

BBCラーニング・イングリッシュのニュース・レビューです。

Yes. Now, it is often used for these large-scale, serious events that maybe affect the public.

Not really used for everyday personal situations.

これは『フィナンシャル・タイムズ』の記事だ。

Now, Neil, I'm having a birthday party this weekend. We're going to karaoke, and some of my friends don't really like singing.

But I wouldn't say there's been a backlash against the idea. It just sounds a bit strange.

リシ・スナック、長期禁煙に対するトリーの反発に直面。

この見出しによれば、リシ・スナック首相は次のように語っている。

There is an alternative word to backlash with a very similar meaning, outcry.

But again, used for sort of large-scale, serious things.

And so I wouldn't say that there was an outcry against your decision to go to karaoke, even though I haven't been invited.

英国では、党内の反発に直面している。

This is from The Guardian: Tabacco firms lobbying MPs to derail smoking phase-out, charity warns.

それは保守のニックネームだ。

So this headline means that tobacco firms, that's tobacco companies, have been lobbying MPs.

私たちは『バックラッシュ』を見ている。

Lobbying is trying to influence the decisions that MPs make.

これは2つの部分からできていて、それを分解するのが役に立つ。

We're looking, though, at derail, a word we can break up into two parts, de, and rail. Rail is connected to trains, Beth.

Well, there are definitely no trains being talked about here in this headline.

そう、最初の部分は "戻る "であり、"進む "の反対である。

But the literal meaning of derail is for a train to come off its tracks.

Here it's metaphorical, and it means [to] prevent something from reaching its final place.

OK, yeah, so when a train derails, it literally can't get to its destination.

そして2番目の部分は『ラッシュ』である、

Here, in the metaphorical use in the headline, it means this idea, this proposal, can't get to its final metaphorical destination.

このように強く打つという意味である。さて、本来の意味は、機械

Yes, that's right. Now, this is very often used for plans, the word derail, and quite often controversial ones, like smoking. It is a controversial topic.

それが壊れたときに後戻りしてしまった、

And thinking about that, Neil, in my town, they have decided to build some flats in a park.

A lot of people are not happy about it, and they are trying to derail it. They've set up a group to derail it.

なぜなら『バックラッシュ』とは、何かに対する強い拒絶反応だからだ。

But again, that is a big, serious situation. Derail is not really used for personal, everyday things.

My friends will hopefully, you know, not derail the plans for the birthday party. Or we wouldn't say that, at least.

No, it sounds way too formal, doesn't it?

そう、それがこの見出しが言いたいことだ。

リシ・スナック自身の党員は、このアイデアを本当に嫌っている、

Alternatives to derail with a very similar meaning are scupper and sabotage. Again, for big, serious things.

喫煙を禁止するというこの提案には、反発がある。

But for more low-scale, less serious events, like your party that you haven't invited me to, we could use wreck, for example. I might try and wreck your plans.

- 彼らはその考えを否定する。

例えば、学校について話すときにも、これを使うことができる。

ジャンクフードを禁止しようとしている。

This is from BBC News: Rishi Sunak's attempts to ban smoking is nuts, says Boris Johnson.

子供たちは本当にジャンクフードを欲しがる。その決断に反発が出るかもしれない。 

So, this headline is about something the former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said about Rishi Sunak's plans to ban smoking.

そうですね。今は、このような大規模で深刻な出来事に使われることが多い

He said they are nuts. Nuts, Beth! That's a food. So, why is there a reference to food in this headline about smoking?

Well, they're not talking about food here at all. Here, nuts means crazy.

一般大衆に影響を与えるかもしれない

So, Boris Johnson saying banning smoking is nuts means he thinks it's crazy.

日常の個人的な場面ではあまり使わない。

And it is often used with ideas and suggestions.

Neil, you are running a marathon soon and you haven't done any training yet. That is nuts.

Now, something interesting about this word is that it is an adjective, but it's usually used after the noun.

We can say that idea is nuts, but you wouldn't say it's a nuts idea. Sounds a bit strange.

Okay. So, is this a common thing in English? Can we use food to mean crazy? Can I say that the idea is apples?

ニール、今週末に誕生日パーティーがあるんだ。

You can't say it's apples, but you can say it's bananas.

カラオケに行くんだけど、友達の何人かは歌うのがあまり好きじゃないんだ、

So, bananas is another way of saying crazy. Also, crackers. That idea is crackers.

A different word not related to food would be bonkers.

Okay. Yes, bonkers. That's a good word. It's a bonkers idea for you to have a party without me.

しかし、その考えに対する反発があったとは言えない。

We've had backlash – strong rejection of an idea.

ただ、ちょっと奇妙に聞こえる。

Now, if you're interested in learning more about the language of health, click here.

には、「反発」という非常によく似た意味がある。

Don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel so you never miss another video.

しかし、ここでもまた、ある種の大規模で深刻なことに使用される。

だから、反発があったとは言えない。

カラオケに行くというあなたの決断に対して。