notably Aristotle's ideas, posited  Earth at the universe's center and  

was further developed by Ptolemy  in his 2nd-century work "Almagest."

Ptolemy's model, integrating  complex concepts like epicycles,  

became the prevailing astronomical view for over  a millennium, intertwined with Christian theology  

in the Middle Ages and widely accepted in  Islamic and Christian scholarly circles.

This theory's endurance exemplifies the  fallacy of affirming the consequent.  

Observations that celestial bodies  appeared to revolve around Earth  

led to the erroneous conclusion that  Earth must be the universe's center.

This reasoning assumes a direct  causality from consequence to cause  

without considering other possible explanations.

The shift to the heliocentric model,  initiated by Copernicus in the 16th  

century and solidified by Kepler and Galileo's  17th-century findings, challenged this fallacy.