Name: History's most dangerous myth - Anneliese Mehnert（History's most dangerous myth - Anneliese Mehnert）
Uploaded: 2023-07-19T05:03:15.000Z
Duration: 5 min 12 s
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European colonists descended on South Africa.

First, Dutch and later British forces sought to claim the region for themselves,

with their struggle becoming even more aggressive

after discovering the area's abundant natural resources.

both colonial powers violently removed numerous Indigenous communities

the colonizers often claimed they were settling in empty land

These reports were corroborated in letters and travelogues

by various administrators, soldiers, and missionaries.

and prominent British historians supported this narrative.

Publications codifying the so-called Empty Land Theory

First, most of the land being settled by Europeans

had no established communities or agricultural infrastructure.

Second, any African communities that were in those regions

had actually entered the area at the same time as Europeans,

so they didn't have an ancestral claim to the land.

And third, since these African communities had probably stolen the land

from earlier,  no-longer-present Indigenous people,

the Europeans were within their rights to displace these African settlers.

The problem is that all three of these arguments were completely false.

Almost none of this land was empty and Africans had lived here for millennia.

Indigenous South Africans simply had a different practice

of land ownership  from the Dutch and British.

Land belonged to families or groups, not individuals.

on the land's agricultural products than the land itself.

Community leaders would distribute seasonal land rights,

allowing various nomadic groups to graze cattle or forage for vegetation.

Even the groups that did live in large agricultural settlements

didn't believe they owned the land as private property.

But the colonizing Europeans had no respect for this system of ownership.

They concluded the land belonged to no one

and could therefore be divided amongst themselves.

In this context, claims that the land was “empty”

were an ignorant oversimplification of a much more complex reality.

But the Empty Land Theory allowed British academics to rewrite history

In 1894, the European parliament in Cape Town

took this exploitation even further by passing the Glen Grey Act.

This decree made it functionally impossible

shattering the system of collective tribal ownership

To justify the theft, Europeans painted the locals as barbarians

and were better off being ruled by the colonizers.

This strategy of stripping locals of their right to ancestral lands

and casting native people as savages has been employed by many colonizers.

this is a well-established technique in the colonial playbook,

and its impact can be found  in the history of many countries,

including Australia, Canada, and the United States.

And in South Africa, the influence  of this narrative can be traced

directly to a brutal campaign of institutionalized racism.

the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners

The law forbade them from working certain skilled jobs,

and forced Africans to live in racially segregated areas.

Over time, these racist policies intensified,

restricting voting rights, and eventually building to apartheid.

Under this system, African people had no voting rights,

and the education of native Africans  was overhauled

to emphasize their legal and social subservience to white settlers.

This state of legally enforced racism persisted through the early 1990s,

colonists frequently invoked the Empty Land Theory

to justify the unequal distribution of land.

South African resistance movements fought throughout the 20th century

And since the 1980s, South African scholars have been using

archaeological evidence to correct the historical record.

Today, South African schools are finally teaching the region's true history.

But the legacy of the Empty Land Myth still persists

as one of the most harmful stories ever told.

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History's most dangerous myth - Anneliese Mehnert（History's most dangerous myth - Anneliese Mehnert）

struggle

evidence

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practice