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  • here's china's Fujian aircraft carrier the third in Beijing's arsenal

  • being unveiled this summer and this is the Gerald R Ford carrier,

  • the newest of 11 in the U.

  • S.

  • Navy suite,

  • these vessels represent the race for both countries to create the most advanced maritime force

  • and reveal how china's technology is catching up to the U.

  • S.

  • One Commission numbers will be our only advantage over their carrier force.

  • So here's how the U.

  • S.

  • And china's carriers match up and what that means for each country's military goals.

  • First,

  • we need to understand why these strategic vessels were developed.

  • Aircraft carriers are essentially mobile air bases.

  • They help countries deployed jets far from their own shore's for combat and observation tasks.

  • That's a concept that predates even the first powered aircraft In the

  • 1800s.

  • The first iteration in the us was just a floating platform that launched hot air balloons.

  • By 1910,

  • the Navy began launching motor operated planes from ships seen here in these images.

  • Then,

  • a decade later,

  • Washington developed its first aircraft carrier,

  • the USS Langley,

  • which is followed by many others,

  • thousands of men to learn the secrets of carrier operations.

  • In contrast,

  • China is a newcomer.

  • It began building its first carrier around 70 years after the US that ship was

  • refurbished using an old Soviet craft and was commissioned in 2012.

  • Its second carrier was domestically made and was placed in active service in 2019.

  • China started developing the vessels because of shifting military priorities.

  • That's according to defense analysts Before the year 2000,

  • if you were to examine Chinese strategic thought and naval doctrines,

  • their main preoccupation was the defense of near waters.

  • China did not have blue water ambitions.

  • Rizwan Rahman is a military analyst at Jane's a defense and intelligence company.

  • He has over a decade of experience studying the Asia pacific region.

  • As china developed,

  • it became very important for china to secure sea lines of

  • communication.

  • Unlike the U.

  • S.

  • Which designs its carriers to be deployed all over the globe,

  • China built its first two carriers to stay within the first island chain.

  • Defense analysts say it's this area of the pacific ocean relatively close to

  • china's coast.

  • But the food john could signal a shift in china's strategy and military analysts predict it could be

  • used beyond the second island chain,

  • which is located further out in the pacific ocean and stretches to Guam where the U.

  • S.

  • Has a major military base.

  • That's because this vessel has greater capabilities than its predecessors.

  • You need air power over the open ocean when you're doing local deployments.

  • Carl Schuster is a retired US Navy captain who served on warships and submarines during his

  • 26 year career.

  • He now specializes in naval research on China and Southeast Asia.

  • Few *** on the other hand,

  • you're looking at an aircraft carrier that can provide its own airspace battle management

  • capability uh in its own potentially electronic warfare air

  • defense suppression capability.

  • So just how powerful is China's new vessel to answer that question,

  • let's start with its size and its weight at over 900 ft.

  • The Chinese vessel measures at around 98 ft shorter than the Ford.

  • It weighs around 80,000 tons,

  • making it lighter than the forward at 100,000 tons.

  • There's also a difference in crew size.

  • Military analysts say the Fujian will likely need a crew of around 4000.

  • On the other hand,

  • the forward has 5500 crew members.

  • The larger the hull,

  • the volume inside grows geometrically with the size of the ship and that allows

  • it to carry more aviation fuel,

  • more ordinance but to determine how advanced a carrier is.

  • There are a few other things that make a big difference,

  • laying of a runway of the ship is perhaps in material as much as the kind of

  • aircraft that can be operated,

  • the kind of sensors that are on what the aircraft carrier and the knowledge of the crew that is

  • manning that particular carrier group,

  • but possibly the most important is the launch system.

  • The faster that process works,

  • the quicker the carrier can launch strikes and china appears to be making significant progress on

  • this.

  • In the past,

  • us and chinese carriers have used different systems to launch planes.

  • Fujian's predecessors use short tilted flight decks,

  • also known as ski jumps.

  • But that system has some disadvantages,

  • including a weight limit on the aircraft.

  • It can launch older U.

  • S.

  • Aircraft carriers use steam catapults.

  • In that process,

  • cylinders are filled with high pressure steam from the ship's reactors.

  • That creates a force to launch the pistons at high speed.

  • But steam has its challenges.

  • It can reduce the life of the airframe and take up more space on ships.

  • The us moved away from that 60 year old system on the Ford,

  • instead installing a breakthrough technology called an electromagnetic aircraft launch

  • system or emails a few years later than the US,

  • The same advanced launcher appears to be installed on the Fujian.

  • According to military analysts who've reviewed footage and images of the vessel.

  • The email system accelerates aircraft using a catapult that operates using magnets and

  • motors.

  • The advantage of that process is it smoothly pushes along the plane,

  • putting less stress on their airframes uses an

  • electromagnetic pulse to move the catapult down

  • the launch ramp.

  • Ford has four of those.

  • Uh,

  • the fusion has three,

  • which means the ford will have a power advantage.

  • It'll be able to launch more planes in the less time as china appears to be moving to the

  • same launching system as the US Schuster says,

  • its sensors are also similar.

  • The Fijian we believe based on the design of the island and what we've seen so

  • far,

  • she is going to have electronically scanned radars not radically different from the ford

  • and approaching US in that capability if they haven't caught up.

  • But while they share some similarities,

  • the vessels are set to have some key differences how their power could put Fujian at a

  • disadvantage over the ford.

  • Defense analysts believe China's carrier is likely to have a diesel or gas turbine

  • engine.

  • In contrast,

  • the ford carrier is nuclear powered and that means it can travel for some 20 years without needing

  • to refuel,

  • but a conventionally powered carrier may need to top up every 4 to 6 days.

  • That's an issue for china,

  • which has uncertain access to friendly ports across Asia where it can restock.

  • Whereas the U.

  • S.

  • Which still requires access to locations where it can refuel its surface combatants has longer

  • running military partnerships with allies in the region.

  • The Wall Street Journal as China's State Council for comment on the Fujian's capabilities but received no

  • response.

  • Seeing how these two vessels will truly compare,

  • could still take years.

  • The food Jan has c and boring tests to complete before it can begin military service.

  • According to the Chinese navy.

  • When it does begin to operate,

  • defense experts note that its name could be a key indicator of where it may be deployed.

  • Naming naval warships is a political statement if you will or a

  • political issue,

  • Fujian is a region in the southeast of China.

  • That's the closest province to Taiwan China sees a self ruling island as part of its own

  • territory and has vowed to take control of it if necessary by force.

  • The ford,

  • which is named after a president,

  • like some other U.

  • S Carriers,

  • may also end up deploying to the south China sea in the future,

  • according to military analysts,

  • that means America's and china's most advanced vessels could find themselves on the front lines of their

  • country's push for military influence.

here's china's Fujian aircraft carrier the third in Beijing's arsenal

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U.S. vs. China: What Aircraft Carriers Reveal About the Military Tech Race | WSJ

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    Jing-Chao Chang に公開 2022 年 09 月 07 日
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