Name: Attack on Pearl Harbor - Pacific War #1 DOCUMENTARY
Uploaded: 2022-06-27T22:36:16.000Z
Duration: 16 min 51 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

As we've seen in the previous episodes, the  Japanese Empire had decided on war with the West  

since the embargo enacted by the US in July, 1941.  The plans to simultaneously execute invasions on  

the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines and  Malaya, as well as a preemptive attack on  

Pearl Harbor to destroy the American Pacific  Fleet, had all been drafted back in September,  

with preparations carried out successfully  by late November. By the way, don't forget  

to check out our podcast on the Pacific War – it  has all the episodes in a longform format with  

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The United States, meanwhile, was also well aware  that war was imminent, engaging in negotiations  

with Japan to delay this conflict as long as  possible for their forces to adequately prepare.  

But on November 26, the main Japanese strike force  under Vice-Admiral Nagumo Chuichi had already left  

its base heading to the Hawaiian Islands; thus,  time was running out for the United States.  

In Hawaii, the principal objective  of the attack was Pearl Harbor,  

the main naval base for the Pacific Fleet of  the US because of its geographical advantages,  

making it perfect for accommodating large warships  and aircraft carriers. The Japanese planned  

to bombard these ships using dive-bombers,  high-altitude bombing and torpedo attacks,  

hoping that the destruction of these vessels would  be enough to render the Pacific Fleet inoperative;  

that's why they didn't target the submarine base  or the oil yard that were also present in Pearl  

Harbor. This attack was so important to get an  early win in the war that the planners had gone  

to the extent of preparing mock ups and models  on which the pilots could practice maneuvers, so  

much so that thousands of hours of air time were  spent in charting out the perfect plan of attack  

while the Type 91 torpedoes of the  era were modified with wooden fins  

to be effective in shallow waters. Yet the plan of Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku  

also had some flaws; one is that Pearl Harbor  was a naval base, so rescue services could be  

quickly mobilized and many sailors would be on  shore leave, thus reducing the amount of possible  

American casualties. Another drawback was that  the American ships were moored in shallow waters,  

so most of the destroyed vessels could be  salvaged and repaired with comparative ease.  

But the most important disadvantage was that the  three aircraft carriers of the Pacific Fleet were  

absent from Pearl Harbor on the day of the attack.  This was something that the Japanese command knew,  

as many spies had already acquired detailed  reports of all vessels and schedules at Pearl  

Harbor, but they decided to attack anyways,  even though these carriers were one of the most  

important objectives of the operation. Meanwhile,  in the American base, Major-General Walter Short  

and Admiral Husband Kimmel were concerned  about a possible attack on Pearl Harbor,  

believing that they could be subjected to  a naval invasion or a sabotage operation.  

In that regard, all army aircraft was bunched  together for more protection at Wheeler Field,  

although this also made it an easier target  for an air attack; munitions were secured;  

coastal artillery was put on alert; carriers  started to rotate in and out of harbor;  

and ships and naval aircraft started to patrol  in search of submarine threats to shipping.  

As their preparations show, they were  definitely not expecting an air attack. 

On December 2, while cruising onwards,  Nagumo received orders to start the  

final preparations for the attack on Pearl  Harbor, scheduled to commence five days later.  

Although the Japanese commander was worried that  they might encounter American ships on their way,  

none came, and by December 7, the Japanese  task force had finally reached its destination.  

At predawn , the operation began with Japanese  midget submarines starting to stalk some American  

minesweepers that were on patrol, attempting to  shadow their prey into the safety of the harbor  

while the anti-submarine net was open.  Meanwhile, Nagumo ordered the first wave  

of aircraft to prepare for take-off at 06:15.  Commanded by Fuchida Mitsuo, the first 183 planes  

then steadily took off from their six aircraft  carriers some 250 miles north of Oahu. At 06:30,  

they adopted V-formation and headed southwest  towards Pearl Harbor. A couple minutes later,  

some Japanese submarines were discovered and one  was sunk by the destroyer Ward in what would be  

the first shots of the Pacific War. Around 07:00,  the radar post on Opana Ridge identified a group  

of more than 50 aircraft 132 miles north  of Oahu and then notified headquarters,  

which didn't receive the message because the  personnel had left for breakfast. At the same  

time, Nagumo ordered the 168 aircraft of the  second wave to take off, commanded by Shimazaki  

Shigekazu. Commander Fuchida then sighted the  northern shore of Oahu at 07:40, relieved to  

see no enemy aircraft in front, and subsequently  ordered his pilots to deploy into attack formation  

at 7:49. Because of a misunderstanding of his  orders, both the dive-bombers and the torpedo  

planes simultaneously commenced their operations. Wheeler Field, one of the main objectives due  

to the concentration of most of the American  aircraft, was first systematically bombarded  

by the dive-bombers and then repeatedly  shredded with gunfire by A6M Zeros.  

Most of the planes were completely destroyed  as a result, but twelve pilots managed to  

get into their fighters to lift off  and engage the Japanese in dogfights.  

Meanwhile, torpedo forces split into two strings,  with 16 planes closing on their targets northwest  

of Ford Island and with 24 planes going south  to Hickam Field and Battleship Row intending to  

attack enemy battleships and aircraft. Some eleven  fighters also turned east to attack Kaneohe,  

arriving at 07:53 and completely  neutralizing the American aircraft there.  

At the same time, the Ewa Marine Air Corps  Station came under attack by eight Zeros,  

leaving behind Wildcats blazing, scout-bombers  burning and utility aircraft destroyed.  

Pearl Harbor itself was finally attacked at  07:55, six minutes after the assault commenced,  

and the Pacific Fleet would be caught unaware  with a rude and violent awakening. As dive-bombers  

started their bombardment over Hickam Field,  torpedo planes nosed down on Pearl Harbor,  

leveling and dropping their deadly loads into the  water. Northwest of Ford Island, the ex-battleship  

Utah and the cruiser Raleigh reeled under torpedo  explosions, while to the south of the island, the  

TenTen Pier experienced a slashing attack in which  the cruiser Helena was hit. On Battleship Row,  

the battleship Oklahoma was the first one to  get hit by torpedoes at 07:57. At this point,  

alarms had been sounded and men started to pour  from below decks to man the anti-aircraft guns . 

Soon after 08:00, the Oklahoma received three  more torpedo hits that left her capsizing,  

while the battleship Arizona was attacked with  armor-piercing bombs that penetrated the deck and  

caused small fires. The repair ship Vestal nearby  was also hit by these bombs, but it continued to  

fire against the Japanese planes even while  engulfed in flames. And behind the Oklahoma,  

the battleship West Virginia was hit by two  bombs that caused serious fires and by a total  

of seven torpedoes that opened two large holes and  caused extreme damage; while on the other side,  

the battleship California was attacked by torpedo  bombers that managed to hit her around 08:05,  

tearing two huge holes that started  a flooding. As the Oklahoma capsized,  

Arizona was hit for a fourth time at 08:06,  piercing her forward magazine and causing  

such a powerful explosion that a fireball  erupted from the ship, tearing her in half.  

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Attack on Pearl Harbor - Pacific War #1 DOCUMENTARY

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