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  • The President: Hello Science Fair participants.

  • Where are they?

  • Oh, you're first.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: It's kind of intimidating.

  • Look at all these pictures.

  • Alana Simon: Hello.

  • The President: How are you?

  • Alana Simon: Great, how are you?

  • The President: Good to see you.

  • Alana Simon: Good to see you, too.

  • The President: Well we're so proud of you.

  • Alana Simon: Thank you.

  • The President: I was reading up on you.

  • You've done great stuff.

  • Alana Simon: Thank you very much, Mr. President.

  • The President: All right.

  • So, the, I don't know if folks are aware of this story,

  • this young lady is remarkable.

  • They're all remarkable, but I think it's appropriate

  • we start right here.

  • Tell everybody your name.

  • Alana Simon: Hi, I'm Alana Simon.

  • The President: Alana Simon.

  • And Alana, here is a picture of you when you got sick.

  • So, what happened?

  • Alana Simon: Well, when I was 12 years old,

  • I was diagnosed with a rare form of pediatric liver cancer,

  • called fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

  • The President: Wow --

  • Alana Simon: That's --

  • The President: That's so impressive that you can say it.

  • Alana Simon: Years of practice.

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Alana Simon: And not many people know much about the disease.

  • No one understood it at the time.

  • And that was pretty scary.

  • But I was lucky in that they caught it early enough.

  • So through, you know, a liver surgery in which they resected

  • most of my liver, they were able to get the entire tumor out.

  • And I've been completely ever since, which is incredible.

  • The President: But you look great.

  • Alana Simon: Thank you very much.

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Alana Simon: So then, a couple of years later,

  • I had this internship at Cancer Research Lab,

  • and I learned about this thing called genetic sequencing --

  • The President: (affirmative)

  • Alana Simon: Where you look through someone's DNA,

  • which is the stuff that codes for, you know,

  • your entire body.

  • And you'll get people's normal cells and their tumor cells,

  • and you try to figure out what the difference is,

  • what's causing this cancer.

  • The President: Right.

  • Alana Simon: And I realized that would be perfect

  • for fibrolamellar, because you don't have to have

  • some kind of base understanding of the disease.

  • And as a pediatric cancer, it seemed to be perfect for,

  • you know, looking at your DNA to find the (inaudible) mutations

  • The President: Right.

  • Alana Simon: Because, since you're younger,

  • you'll have less random mutations.

  • The President: Right.

  • Alana Simon: So, I talked to my surgeon actually, who had,

  • you know, cured me.

  • And he mentored me, and he actually got a lot of the

  • samples that I used, and he helped me start this process,

  • where I was doing genetic sequencing on the kind

  • of cancer I had had.

  • And what we ended up finding is this one common mutation

  • in every single case that we've looked at,

  • that seems to be causing this disease --

  • The President: Right.

  • Alana Simon: So, if you'll get to use some nice

  • swim noodle chromosomes --

  • The President: These are, right.

  • Alana Simon: So, chromosomes are where you have all

  • of your DNA stored, which has your genes that it codes

  • for, you know, everything.

  • And so here, in blue, I have one gene, and in green,

  • I have another.

  • And what happens in fibrolamellar patients,

  • here is a normal person's chromosome --

  • The President: Right.

  • Alana Simon: And here is a person with cancer.

  • And so, yeah, you can see, there's this one deletion.

  • So if you look at this, this middle part gets deleted --

  • The President: Right.

  • Alana Simon: Its noodles, these two genes fused together.

  • And you get this weird chimera gene, like chimera is, you know,

  • from Greek mythology, you have the head of one create and the

  • body of another.

  • So --

  • The President: I remember.

  • Alana Simon: You have the head of one gene,

  • and the body of another.

  • And so, that's what happened in these fibrolamellar patients.

  • And when these two genes are fused together,

  • this weird new chimera protein is what then goes into and turns

  • on all these other genes and actually causes

  • this cancer in patients.

  • And so now that we know this, we can create a blood test

  • to actually test people, diagnose them early --

  • The President: So we can catch

  • it even quicker --

  • Alana Simon: Exactly.

  • The President: Because we know exactly what we're looking for?

  • Alana Simon: Precisely.

  • The President: And you then publish this

  • in Science Magazine --

  • Alana Simon: Yes.

  • The President: And received

  • Young Champion of Cancer Research Award --

  • Alana Simon: Yeah.

  • The President: From the American Cancer Society.

  • Alana Simon: Yes, it's incredible.

  • The President: We're so proud of you.

  • Alana Simon: Thank you.

  • The President: Can I just say that I did not

  • do it at 12, 13, or 18?

  • And it's just inspiring, and your parents must be (inaudible)

  • they see you, they do.

  • I'm sure they know today as well.

  • So, this is just a sampler of the kind of outstanding

  • young talent that we've got, all right?

  • Let's, I've got to get a good picture of people.

  • This is my title, all right.

  • (Laughter.)

  • The President: Are you getting the chromosomes

  • in the background?

  • Peyton Robertson: Yes.

  • The President: All right.

  • (Laughter.)

  • The President: All right,

  • so where are you going to school?

  • Alana Simon: I'm going to Harvard next fall.

  • The President: Yeah?

  • Are you excited about that?

  • What are you going to --?

  • Alana Simon: Yeah, I'm so excited.

  • I'm actually working on the lab, going to start with the blood

  • test and what is real.

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Are you interested in the research side or are you

  • thinking you might actually want to go to medical school?

  • Alana Simon: I have no idea.

  • I think I'm going to pursue research,

  • computer science is what allowed me to do all of this research.

  • So I'm definitely planning on studying computer science.

  • But I'll find some way to apply that to research or --

  • The President: Good.

  • Alana Simon: Whatever I choose.

  • The President: Well, we're very proud of you.

  • Give me a hug.

  • Alana Simon: Thank you very much.

  • The President: You're just doing great.

  • Alana Simon: Thank you.

  • The President: Unbelievable, that's wonderful.

  • How are you doing?

  • Peyton Robertson: I'm good, thank you.

  • How are you?

  • The President: I'm doing good.

  • I can tell you're a high-power guy.

  • What's your name?

  • Peyton Robertson: I'm Peyton, P-E-Y-T-O-N.

  • The President: Great to see you.

  • And where are you from, Peyton?

  • Peyton Robertson: I'm from Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

  • The President: Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

  • So what have we got here?

  • What is all this?

  • Peyton Robertson: So I actually

  • have two (inaudible) --

  • The President: You have two?

  • One was not enough?

  • You decided you had to have two?

  • Peyton Robertson: I don't know.

  • They asked me to bring two.

  • The President: All right.

  • Peyton Robertson: So, here (inaudible)

  • retractable training wheels

  • that allows the item to adjust the height

  • of the training wheels while actually riding a bike.

  • So, when you're feeling confident --

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Peyton Robertson: --You just twist the retraction handle.

  • The President: Aha, that's smart.

  • Peyton Robertson: And the wheels can come up.

  • The President: So you can basically,

  • rather than get your screwdriver and you're

  • like not screwing everything --

  • Peyton Robertson: There you go.

  • The President: -- And then you realize I'm still

  • kind of of wobbly, and then you've got to put them back

  • on, here, you can just kind of see, how are you feeling during

  • the course of the thing --

  • Peyton Robertson: But, in any case, if you want,

  • if you feel like you're about to fall --

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Peyton Robertson: --And lose your balance --

  • The President: Right away.

  • Peyton Robertson: -- It comes right back down.

  • And at any position, it locks in place.

  • So even if you start to lose your balance,

  • it will still give you enough time to be able to twist back

  • to the starting position.

  • The President: I could still use this now.

  • Do you have an adult version, or is it only on smaller breaks?

  • Peyton Robertson: Well, I'm watching over the kid's

  • bike manufacturer right now to help get it on the market,

  • but I'm sure this will be applied to --

  • The President: I think that's probably right.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: Have you patented this?

  • Peyton Robertson: I have a patent pending --

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Peyton Robertson: -- On both of these actually.

  • The President: Okay, well let's hear about the other one before

  • we get into the patient issue.

  • All right, so what's the second project you've got here?

  • Peyton Robertson: So here, I redesigned the sanal sandbag,

  • placing the traditional sand with polymer and salt.

  • You know, living in Florida, I know how devastating hurricanes

  • and saltwater flooding can be --

  • The President: Right.

  • Peyton Robertson: -- You know, we just had Hurricane Sandy

  • in the news, and I survived through Hurricane Wilma.

  • I was four (inaudible) with my mom,

  • which was such a scary experience.

  • The President: I can imagine.

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah.

  • The President: You still remember that, huh?

  • Peyton Robertson: Oh, I do, many parts of it.

  • The President: How old are you now?

  • Peyton Robertson: I'm 12.

  • The President: Okay, all right.

  • Peyton Robertson: And, you know, today,

  • while sandbags are the most

  • common method of federal protection --

  • The President: Right.

  • Peyton Robertson: --They can be heavy,

  • and difficult to transport.

  • The President: Yes, I remember, because that --

  • Peyton Robertson: Like at Santa Costa beach, yeah.

  • The President: Yeah, yeah, I remember that sometimes

  • with hurricanes, and yeah.

  • Peyton Robertson: And then also, leave gaps in between

  • the individual bags when you stack them.

  • The President: They don't compress together, right?

  • Peyton Robertson: So I wanted to redesign the sanal sandbag

  • by replacing this thing with powder and salt.

  • So, when dry, my bags are really like,

  • wait, they only weigh four pounds.

  • But then when you add water, it expands.

  • And it becomes heavy, and it becomes 30 pounds,

  • and offers protection against saltwater flooding.

  • The President: So if I know that the flood's coming,

  • I can pack these up, we can deliver them to the site

  • much easier, you can fit more bags in there, right?

  • And you don't even have to add water because by definition,

  • the water's coming in to hit the bay?

  • Peyton Robertson: Well, yes, you can do that.

  • That is definitely a way.

  • If, before the flood, if you want to make sure,

  • you can also hose it down --

  • The President: You can just hose it down.

  • Peyton Robertson: That's another way you would

  • want to do it.

  • And the other advantage is if you stack them when the

  • light weight, you don't have to carry all these heavy bags,

  • but also, the polymer will expand.

  • It'll fill in the gaps in between the individual

  • bags while still being bonded by these

  • interlocking (inaudible) systems.

  • So it'll still stick together, and you won't have the gaps

  • in between in between the individual bags,

  • you have the traditional sandbags.

  • The President: Okay, time out here.

  • Now, the, where did you get the idea of,

  • this one I kind of get, right?

  • Because, basically, you skinned your knee and you thought,

  • you know, we should have a better design on this thing.

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah, this is actually when my sister first

  • learned how to ride a bike.

  • The President: Yeah, all right.

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah.

  • The President: So how did you get the idea for the whole

  • polymer thing, though?

  • Peyton Robertson: Well, you know,

  • I guess I thought about this living in Florida.

  • The President: Right.

  • Peyton Robertson: But for, the idea of polymer, you know,

  • for another idea that I had had earlier,

  • I've got to learn a little bit about polymer from a university

  • that I went to, University of Mississippi,

  • and I learned a little

  • bit about polymers, and when --

  • The President: How old were you when you went

  • to the University of Mississippi?

  • Peyton Robertson: I was about eight or so.

  • The President: Is that right?

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah, I had --

  • The President: Yeah. (Laughter.)

  • Peyton Robertson: -- So, and, so,

  • polymers to me are found everywhere.

  • They're founded on skin tissues, they're founded in plants.

  • But the type of polymer that I used here is super absorbent

  • polymer, which takes on water and it expands when wet.

  • So, as you see here, this is what a polymer looks

  • like when it's all colored up.

  • But then, when you add water, it straightens out through

  • hydrogen bonding, and expands like this.

  • Here, you want to try?

  • The President: I do.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: I actually have one of these.

  • Peyton Robertson: Oh, you do? Yes --

  • The President: They're very cool.

  • I love them.

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah, just try to poke them and spear them.

  • The President: Sometimes I just stare at them in space.

  • Peyton Robertson: I know.

  • The President: Sometimes in the Oval Office,

  • I just look at one of these, (inaudible).

  • The, well, so, you have a patent pending on this as well, huh?

  • Peyton Robertson: I do.

  • And, you know, but the idea of polymer has,

  • and the sandbag has been around for a while.

  • People have used them in diapers and in the snow,

  • and other (inaudible) bags.

  • And it takes on water and expands when wet.

  • The President: Oh, I see.

  • You've got, you can show us here.

  • Peyton Robertson: As you can see here,

  • I've been doing these little mini test tubes

  • for all the other (inaudible) the big one for you.

  • The President: Okay.

  • Let's see there

  • Peyton Robertson: Watch what's happened.

  • The President: Look at that.

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah.

  • The President: Now this isn't going to spill over, is it?

  • Peyton Robertson: No, it's not

  • The President: This is not the blob, is it?

  • Peyton Robertson: No, it's not going to.

  • The President: It's not going to eat up the White House?

  • Peyton Robertson: I hope not.

  • The President: There you go.

  • Peyton Robertson: But, the key to my design

  • is the addition of salt.

  • As you can see here, seawater has a higher salt content.

  • It is therefore denser and heavier than tap water.

  • So as you can see here, this seawater sits below the dyed tap

  • water, because it has a higher salt content

  • and is therefore denser.

  • And I can show you here.

  • What's your favorite color?

  • Pick one.

  • The President: Blue.

  • Peyton Robertson: All right, I did blue.

  • The President: Okay, red.

  • Peyton Robertson: Okay.

  • The President: All right.

  • It's not really my favorite, but that's okay.

  • I'm just kidding.

  • Peyton Robertson: So, so if you

  • The President: This guy.

  • (laughter)

  • Peyton Robertson: --If you pour the sand without

  • working the surface tension

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Peyton Robertson: You can get this dyed tap water to sit

  • on top, just like this.

  • The President: Just as it is here?

  • Peyton Robertson: Just as it is here.

  • The President: Right.

  • Peyton Robertson: Perfect.

  • The President: Okay.

  • Peyton Robertson: And, this is important to my sandbag,

  • because I didn't want my bags to float away during the flood.

  • Obviously, that would be bad.

  • The President: Right.

  • Peyton Robertson: So, what I did was I added salt so the water

  • that came into the bag would be heavier and denser than

  • the approaching seawater, so therefore would sink below

  • the approaching seawater so my bags wouldn't float

  • away during the floor.

  • The President: Well, this is all remarkable stuff.

  • Now, the, so you're 12.

  • What grade are you in?

  • Peyton Robertson: I'm in sixth grade.

  • The President: You're technically in sixth grade,

  • but are you, you're thinking you might try to finish high

  • school a little quicker and get to university a little faster,

  • or you want to just kind of take your time and -- ?

  • Peyton Robertson: Yeah, you know, actually,

  • the program that I'm doing now, it allows me to accelerate

  • in certain areas.

  • The President: Ah --

  • Peyton Robertson: So, I'm taking like higher-level math and

  • science classes, I'm taking

  • grade-level English and other stuff.

  • The President: That makes perfect sense --

  • Peyton Robertson: So it's definitely (inaudible).

  • The President: Well, come on, let's take a good picture.

  • Come on.

  • Peyton Robertson: Okay.

  • The President: Peyton, where you at, oh, here we are.

  • All right.

  • Make sure you've got, the polymer's in here.

  • Peyton Robertson: Oh yeah.

  • The President: So, now, one last question.

  • Where do I buy stocking meat?

  • Huh?

  • Let's just invest in this guy, and then we'll see, like,

  • 20 years from now, we'll be rich.

  • I was not like this.

  • Really proud of you --

  • Peyton Robertson: Thank you so much.

  • The President: And you make a great presentation also.

  • Peyton Robertson: Thank you.

  • The President: You have great confidence and clarity in

  • Peyton Robertson: Thank you.

  • The President: How you're describing what you do.

  • Peyton Robertson: Thank you so much.

  • The President: That's wonderful.

  • How are you?

  • Deidre Carrillo: I'm good, how are you?

  • The President: What's your name?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Deidre Carrillo.

  • The President: Good to see you.

  • The, now, (inaudible)?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Deidra.

  • The President: Deardra?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Deidra.

  • The President: Deidra?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes.

  • The President: Okay, I got it.

  • Now, this looks like an electric go-cart.

  • Is that what it is?

  • Deidre Carrillo: That's basically what it is.

  • The President: That's basically what it is?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes.

  • The President: And where are you from?

  • Deidre Carrillo: I'm from San Antonio, Texas.

  • The President: Okay.

  • And so, tell me about how you got involved in this project.

  • Deidre Carrillo: Well, that's a funny story.

  • I was the shortest in my senior class --

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Deidre Carrillo: And --

  • The President: I can't believe that.

  • Female Speaker: I was.

  • And they said you would fit perfectly in this car.

  • So, that's how it started.

  • And I've been doing this for three years.

  • The President: The, so, describe to me this vehicle.

  • And the goal here is to, is the goal to have, you know,

  • in these contests, the fastest electric car,

  • or the one that can travel the furthest, or both?

  • Deidre Carrillo: It's more about going the furthest and being

  • smart on your battery management.

  • That is what the competition is basically about.

  • The President: So it's like an efficency?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes.

  • The President: Right?

  • The goal is how efficent is it relative to the amount of power

  • that's being generated --

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes.

  • The President: Electrically.

  • Okay.

  • The, well, I clearly cannot fit in this.

  • Are you able to fit in it?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes, I'm actually able to fit in it.

  • The President: Well, would you like to display it or do you

  • think you want to look cool and you just kind of want to --?

  • Female Speaker: I can, yes, definitely.

  • The President: (inaudible)

  • Deidre Carrillo: I'll have to get in.

  • The President: Yeah, of course.

  • So, how fast does this thing go?

  • That's a pretty serious seatbelt by the way.

  • That's the same one that we have on Black Hawks,

  • Black Hawk helicopters.

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes.

  • A big guideline is safety, so --

  • The President: Of course.

  • Deidre Carrillo: I do wear motorcycle helmets --

  • The President: Right.

  • Deidre Carrillo: --And I am very well taken care of.

  • The President: I'll bet.

  • All right.

  • How big was the team that helped you design the car?

  • Deidre Carrillo: We started in a team of six,

  • and now we're a group of 14.

  • The President: Okay.

  • You fit like a glove.

  • Female Speaker: Yes.

  • The President: And what's that little panel there?

  • What is that?

  • Is that the control?

  • Deidre Carrillo: This tells me what's (inaudible)

  • I would, during competition, I am focusing on going in circles

  • and, well, we were supposed to do tonometry.

  • Tonometry would've helped a huge amount.

  • The President: (affirmative)

  • Female Speaker: But this tells me how many volts im running,

  • how many amps

  • and I communicate that

  • to my electrical chief, and he told

  • me how fast to go to slow down.

  • The President: So he's going to give

  • you calculations based on optimizing the consistency

  • of the entire process.

  • And how fast is - are you typically going

  • when you're in one of these contests?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Ah the fastest --

  • the constant that we want is 35.

  • The President: 35 miles an hour?

  • Deidre Carrillo: 35.

  • The President: That's pretty fast?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes, the fastest was actually 38.

  • The President: I got you.

  • So what are you doing now, now that you've done

  • such an outstanding job, are you interested

  • in an engineer?

  • Did this prompt a long term interest?

  • Deidre Carrillo: Well, my job is actually public

  • relations, along with driver, so I'm actually

  • thinking of pursing public relations,

  • and part time driver.

  • The President: And part time driver.

  • Well, congratulations.

  • Alright, come on over here,

  • let's get a good picture.

  • Look at all these big trophies.

  • These trophies are bigger than you.

  • Deidre Carrillo: Yes.

  • (laughter)

  • scoot over so we can see them. 0:15:54.033,1193:02:47.295 The President: Alright,

  • There we go.

  • Congratulations.

  • Deidre Carrillo: Thank you.

  • The President: What's going on guys?

  • What's your name?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Daisjaughn.

  • The President: Daisjaughn.

  • Good to see you.

  • Gerry McManus: Gerry.

  • The President: Gerry.

  • Good to see you. Brooke Bohn: Brooke.

  • The President: Good to see you.

  • Now, where are you guys from?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Hudson, Massachusetts.

  • The President: And what grades are you in?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: 8th.

  • The President: 8th grade.

  • So what do we got here?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: It's a catapult.

  • The President: It's a catapult.

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Yep.

  • The President: Alright, so lets - I assume we get

  • to see it work, right?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Yeah.

  • The President: Alright.

  • Before I see it work, tell me has this been an ongoing

  • project of the school?

  • I mean, each year, is there sort of a catapult

  • contest, or a robot building contest?

  • Or is this something that kind

  • of happened on something?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: After school,

  • we're part of Raytheon at the Boys and Girls club,

  • so we just --

  • The President: So Raytheon is a sponsor

  • at the Boys and Girls club?

  • Brooke Bohn: Yes, well we were part of it last year.

  • Daisjaughn Bass: We came in second out of 45 teams. 0:16:52.400,1193:02:47.295 The President: I see.

  • The President: Alright.

  • That's excellent, and what - how did you get

  • the idea of catapult, or was everyone

  • doing it together?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: So we had a lot of topics

  • to choose form since we all play basketball mostly.

  • The President: You do.

  • Yeah.

  • Daisjaughn Bass: So we choose basketball,

  • and we went with the angle and the trajectory

  • to making a three pointer.

  • The President: Yeah, okay, So that's --

  • did you construct this whole catapult yourself?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Yeah.

  • And our Boys and Girls Club Director

  • Gary helped us make it.

  • The President: Where did you get this guy?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Well, we got it, and we made it.

  • The President: This is a pretty

  • serious looking guy.

  • Alright, you want to show me how it works?

  • Now, how fast does this thing go?

  • Is it going to break anything?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: No.

  • The President: Alright, can I stand by here

  • just in case?

  • Alright, now I want you to protect me.

  • (laughter).

  • Okay, I'm going to hide behind you,

  • because I don't want to - Oh, okay, I think --

  • that I can handle.

  • Alright, let's try that again.

  • I just want to make - last time I was here,

  • there was a guy that was shooting marshmallows

  • out of a rifle, and like it was - this modified vaccuum

  • cube, you guys remember that?

  • Audience: Yes.

  • The President: That thing went fast.

  • That thing went --

  • it went right up there, didn't it?

  • The marshmallow might still be there.

  • Alright, lets try it out.

  • Come on.

  • Oh, that was a little low.

  • Let's try it again.

  • Let's try it again.

  • That was a perfect pass.

  • See.

  • The - well congratulations, if this

  • prompted an interesting, if any of you want

  • to be engineers, or designers, or work on technology,

  • stuff like that?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: No, not really.

  • I want to go to college for basketball.

  • The President: Oh, you want

  • to be a basketball player.

  • Yeah, everybody wants to be a basketball player,

  • I understand, until they get into college.

  • How tall is your dad and mom?

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Not that tall.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: Well, I just want to make that point --

  • keep up with your science homework, alright.

  • Pete, where are you?

  • Look at this guy right here.

  • Alright, we're proud of you guys.

  • Daisjaughn Bass: Thank you.

  • The President: Alright, you take care of yourself.

  • The President: All right, what

  • do we got here young people?

  • These are my Chicago homies right here --

  • (laughter)

  • The President: --Right?

  • Where do you guys go to school?

  • John Moore: I go to Lincoln Park.

  • The President: Lincoln Park.

  • Lydia Wolfe: I go to Castle System High School.

  • The President: It is great to see you, both excellent

  • schools, and what's your name?

  • John Moore: JT.

  • The President: JT?

  • Lydia Wolfe: Lydia.

  • The President: Lydia, all right.

  • So you guys start giving the robots, is that right?

  • John Moore: Yeah.

  • The President: How did you first become

  • interested in robots?

  • John Moore: Well, in Chicago, there is,

  • or there weren't very many opportunities for robots.

  • So what my mom did was she went out and said that

  • she would bring Mickey into Chicago.

  • So now we've created over half

  • the teams of Chicago, and --

  • The President: So your mom basically

  • started the whole robot trend?

  • John Moore: Yeah.

  • The President: I like that (inaudible).

  • John Moore: (inaudible) Chicago, and that's how

  • more people do it rather than --

  • The President: That's great.

  • The, and so, so, do you have a bunch of different

  • robotics teams in Chicago --

  • John Moore: Yes.

  • The President: Does Hails Franciscan have

  • one team, and then Wayne has a different one,

  • or do you guys all come from different schools

  • and sort of form like a club?

  • Lydia Wolfe: We all come from different schools.

  • The President: Uh-huh.

  • Lydia Wolfe: My team this year combined

  • with Chicago NATS since we were having trouble.

  • The President: Uh-huh, excellent.

  • All right, so, it looks like

  • you guys have been doing pretty good.

  • What do we have here?

  • Is this an example of one of our, one of your,

  • some of your handiwork here?

  • John Moore: Yep.

  • This is our FRC robot from this year --

  • The President: Uh-huh.

  • John Moore: We played a game sort of like

  • lacrosse, where they had

  • a twoflated ball that it picked up.

  • The President: Right.

  • John Moore: So, this arm comes down --

  • The President: Yeah.

  • John Moore: And then the rollers suck it up,

  • and then it brings it back.

  • And then we have, over here that we use to kick,

  • kick the ball.

  • The President: Oh, I see, okay.

  • Now, this one, we're not modeling in here,

  • I gather.

  • John Moore: We can show the arm going down

  • with the wheels.

  • The President: Yeah, but no actual ball?

  • John Moore: Yeah.

  • The President: Because we've hit

  • one of these guys, yeah.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: I like them.

  • Actually, this is a pretty good group.

  • There are some where I wouldn't have minded.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: But I don't see them here.

  • All right, let's see.

  • All right.

  • John Moore: All right, so --

  • The President: All good?

  • John Moore: There's two different driver's forks.

  • The President: Uh-huh.

  • John Moore: There is the part that

  • has the arm going up and down.

  • The President: Right.

  • John Moore: And then there's the part

  • that controls the other part.

  • The President: Got it.

  • And so these are all manually controlled?

  • John Moore: Yep.

  • The game is broken up into two parts.

  • There's one part where the robot drives by itself

  • The President: Right.

  • John Moore: For 30 seconds, and then there's

  • two minutes where the robot is driven against

  • five other robots on the field,

  • so a three-on-three game.

  • The President: That sounds pretty fun, yeah.

  • So, how long did it take you to construct

  • this particular robot?

  • John Moore: Six weeks.

  • The President: Six weeks?

  • John Moore: Mm-hmm, six weeks to design and build,

  • and everybody's given the challenge

  • at the same time.

  • The President: Outstanding.

  • Well, I'm so proud of you guys.

  • Come on, let's take a good picture

  • next to your robot.

  • Yeah, you come over here.

  • You get over here, and Pete,

  • make sure the robot's in the picture.

  • Got it.

  • Fantastic.

  • All right, the, so has this spurred interest

  • in you wanting to stay in engineering,

  • technology, things like that?

  • John Moore: Before joining this, I didn't know that

  • there were so many engineer jobs out there --

  • The President: Absolutely.

  • John Moore: But now that I know that,

  • The President: Yeah.

  • Well, you're going to be one of those engineers.

  • You too, especially we need young women

  • and engineering in sciences, all right?

  • Looking forward to seeing you guys do great things.

  • I'm proud of you.

  • Tell everybody back home I said hi.

  • John Moore: All right, thank you.

  • The President: All right?

  • John Moore: Thank you.

  • The President: How are you, sir?

  • Eric Chen: I'm good.

  • How are you?

  • The President: What's your name?

  • Eric Chen: I'm Eric.

  • The President: Good to see you, Eric.

  • Where are you from?

  • Eric Chen: Good to see you, I'm from San Diego.

  • The President: San Diego?

  • So what year are you in school now?

  • Eric Chen: I'm a senior now.

  • The President: You're a senior?

  • Do you know what you're going

  • to be doing next year?

  • Eric Chen: I'll be going to Harvard.

  • The President: I bet you are.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: So what do we got here?

  • Eric Chen: Yeah, so, in summary, what I was able

  • to do was use computers to speed up the discovery

  • of new medicine for the flu.

  • And the flu right now is a really big threat

  • where you have strains like H5N1, H7N9 --

  • The President: I've spent a lot of time worrying

  • about the possibility of pandemic, right?

  • Eric Chen: Yeah, and they're only

  • one mutation away from possibly causing a pandemic.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And the problem is we have

  • no really effective treatments for it.

  • The flu vaccine, so like flu shots,

  • they take several months to prepare.

  • And that's a time where over millions

  • of people could be dying --

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And they create antiviral drugs,

  • so so like a pill you take, and get better from the flu,

  • they're losing their effectiveness because

  • of resistance, restraints.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And so there's this urgent need

  • for a new flu medicine to kind of hold back

  • the pandemic wave while vaccines are being developed.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And so, right now, drug companies

  • are still kind of in that industrial era

  • of drug discovery, where they found, hey,

  • we can make robots do everything.

  • So they make robots test millions and millions

  • of chemicals, they just find

  • a few that might become real drugs.

  • The President: But that's not very efficient.

  • Eric Chen: Exactly, and so --

  • The President: It's sort of trial

  • by error as opposed to --

  • Eric Chen: Exactly, it's like kind

  • of brute force rather than reasoning, by logic.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: What I've been able

  • to do is use computers to first virtually go through

  • huge chemical libraries that predict which ones

  • would be most likely to work, and then followed

  • by only testing those, that small fraction

  • that's most likely to work.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And so, I've been able to take

  • a compound library of almost half a million chemicals,

  • and then using computer modeling,

  • isolating the top 237.

  • The President: And what is allowing you to,

  • what are the factors that allow you to win over this now?

  • What is it that you can anticipate, would make

  • a possible vaccine more effective?

  • Eric Chen: Right, so it's actually not a flu shot.

  • It would actually be a drug, so --

  • The President: I see.

  • Eric Chen: It would be like, yeah,

  • it's curative curative rather than preventative --

  • The President: Okay, so rather than

  • the traditional giving you a little bit of fluid

  • to boost your immunity to the flu --

  • Eric Chen: It's actually giving you a chemical

  • The President: A chemical cure.

  • Eric Chen: Right.

  • The President: That's fascinating.

  • Eric Chen: Yeah.

  • And one of the great advantages to one

  • of the target sites using to make these chemicals

  • for is that it's highly conservative amounts

  • of (inaudible), being that it could potentially work

  • against any food string, even if you have no idea

  • where it's coming from.

  • And so, basically, one of the ways that

  • I'm looking at kind of finding these chemicals that work

  • is actually kind of taking little, how it works

  • is you're targeting a protein of the flu virus.

  • And, so, this is actually a printed structure

  • of one of the flu protein

  • (inaudible) targeted --

  • The President: This thing was in my nose

  • just about three weeks ago.

  • (laughter)

  • It lasted forever, couldn't get rid of it.

  • Not really, I'm just joking.

  • (laughter)

  • All right, so this is a 3D model

  • of a nasty flu bug right there.

  • Eric Chen: Right.

  • And how, and what we do is we, or I try to find these

  • little kind of chemicals like that, that kind

  • of fit into this pocket right here,

  • and jam it and stop it from working.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And so, by doing this, so how the

  • computer does it is it takes kind of the millions

  • or the half a million different kind

  • of chemical structures, and fits each one in.

  • And then it ranks them based

  • on how well they fit.

  • And so by doing that, if, the ones that

  • fit really well are

  • kind of more predicted to --

  • The President: More likely to --

  • Eric Chen: Exactly.

  • The President: To work.

  • The, now this is a pretty significant new direction

  • in terms of developing a flu drug.

  • And, you're only in high school.

  • So, the question is, has this approach gained

  • sort of converts among the drug companies where

  • they say to themselves, you know what, actually this

  • is pretty promising --

  • Eric Chen: Right, well --

  • The President: Or are you still, because of its

  • infancy, they don't know how smart you are,

  • it'll take them a while to figure that out?

  • Eric Chen: Well research groups have started

  • using these kind of new and innovative tools

  • for kind of, yeah, rational drug discovery.

  • The President: Right.

  • Eric Chen: And the problem,

  • well drug companies, they're huge, and because of that --

  • The President: There you go.

  • Eric Chen: They're kind of sluggish to responding

  • to this kind of innovation.

  • And so one big thing is actually kind

  • of convincing them to kind of take up these different

  • tools in order to make it more,

  • much more efficient process.

  • The President: Well, part of the reason

  • it's so important, as you know, is because of the economics

  • of producing flu vaccines, is,

  • it's not a big moneymaker for the drug companies.

  • Eric Chen: Right.

  • The President: If we can come up with

  • computer models that narrow the RMB --

  • Eric Chen: Right, by making

  • it much cheaper, you can actually --

  • The President: You can actually start producing

  • them and adapting them to --

  • Eric Chen: Right, and making

  • them cheaper for the people --

  • The President: That's exactly right.

  • This is really important.

  • This could end up being the start

  • of saving millions of lives, huh?

  • Eric Chen: Hopefully.

  • The President: That's, you know, the, now,

  • do you also like, are you like a champion

  • lacrosse player and --?

  • Eric Chen: No, I fence, though.

  • The President: You fence?

  • (laughter)

  • The President: All right, I'm such an underachiever.

  • (laughter)

  • The President: You're going to do great.

  • Eric Chen: Thank you.

  • The President: I'll be on the lookout for this,

  • because we're spending a lot of time, you know,

  • trying to puzzle this out, so --

  • Eric Chen: All right.

  • The President: All right?

The President: Hello Science Fair participants.

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オバマ大統領が2014年ホワイトハウス科学フェアを視察 (President Obama Tours the 2014 White House Science Fair)

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    稲葉白兎 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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