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  • As Mark Twain once quipped,

  • "If I had more time I would have written a shorter letter."

  • There's a pair of videos on my channel

  • that were in the works for over a year.

  • The Tekoi Videos.

  • One exploration and one explanation.

  • And while the exploration video is fine,

  • I made a catastrophic error in the explanation video.

  • I've re-uploaded a corrected version,

  • and I've also made this video

  • to show you some of the behind-the-scenes

  • of how those videos got made,

  • how the error got in,

  • and how the decision to re-upload came to be.

  • But I've written this video in as little time as possible

  • to correct the error as fast as possible.

  • So, be warned.

  • It's a long letter.

  • The story of Tekoi starts with Past-Grey traveling

  • to Indian reservations foran other project.

  • During that wandering,

  • I came across the Skull Valley Indian Reservation

  • out in Utah, and within its borders,

  • the Tekoi Test Range,

  • information about which was limited and scattered.

  • I got the impression it was an

  • abandoned military weapons facility.

  • Which, come on!

  • Three more intriguing adjectives

  • you could not precede a noun.

  • At this point on YouTube,

  • I'd played around with making

  • a few vlog-style videos,

  • and while working on the bigger project,

  • I thought Tekoi could be a little shard to examine

  • to make into an easy and quick vlog,

  • exploring the place and explaining what it was.

  • And the Tribal Government graciously

  • granted me permission to go on site and film.

  • Which, as a side note, please do not try to visit Tekoi.

  • It is private property,

  • not open to the public,

  • and super dangerous.

  • In retrospect, I was shockingly stupid

  • to explore it in as unprepared fashion as I did.

  • But, I went, I filmed.

  • I didn't fall in a hole and die,

  • or catch histoplasmosis from the

  • bat droppings everywhere.

  • And I didn't get attacked by

  • the "really mean owl" I was warned

  • defended warehouse number

  • Oh, I forgot to write it down!

  • Seriously.

  • I could not have been a worse UrbEx newb.

  • But the celestial dice rolled in my favor that day

  • and I got back to my hotel with some amazing video.

  • Now all I needed to do

  • was explain this beautiful shard.

  • Of course, joke was on me because

  • every topic is an entire world

  • unto itself once you start looking,

  • and months later, the one video split into two

  • and I was barely closer to a

  • coherent explanation of Tekoi then at the start.

  • Okay, pause here,

  • and let me tell you a little about

  • the video production process in general.

  • Videos get started either through wandering

  • the real world or

  • the Forest of All Knowledge,

  • seeing an interesting area,

  • exploring it and, if lucky,

  • some part will look like it could be a video.

  • I've come to accept that I am a slow writer,

  • so it's best to hold off the first serious draft

  • until long into the exploration phase.

  • Often long enough that by the time I get to the

  • "Okay, seriously, sit down and write this thing,"

  • I've forgotten a lot of what I've read.

  • But that's actually a useful way to filter

  • for the interesting and important

  • and frequent ideas in a topic

  • before the many, many rounds

  • of revisions and checks to come.

  • I used to make my videos all alone,

  • but over the years, I've gathered a small team,

  • and at some point,

  • if I can get the script into a readable "ish" version,

  • it's time to let the team know what the next project might be.

  • And there is celebration or dread at what will be

  • at least many weeks of their lives spent on this thing.

  • Everyone has a specialty.

  • Animation

  • Research

  • Logistics

  • Music

  • Sometimes custom artwork or audio.

  • And everyone provides useful feedback on the topic,

  • sometimes having personal experience,

  • or finding further details,

  • or hunting down related lost artifacts.

  • For me, there's also a lot of double-checking at this point,

  • going back to notes I made during exploration time,

  • or looking into an out-of-place-seeming fact.

  • The script eventually progresses from merely readable

  • into what is nearing a final (ish) form,

  • and this is were it's sent out to experts.

  • Now this phase seems like it should be the easiest.

  • A teacher checks your homework.

  • But often it's quite troublesome.

  • The first problem is finding an expert.

  • If the video ends up being largely a book or a paper adaptation,

  • and the author is alive,

  • then that's pretty easy,

  • and those projects are generally more straightforward.

  • But for a lot of videos,

  • figuring out who is the expert on this thing

  • isn't always clear.

  • And for some topics,

  • there simply isn't anyone.

  • For others, experts may exist,

  • but finding them is basically impossible

  • because there isn't a good public record of their expertise.

  • This last is particularly frustrating because,

  • the instant the final video goes up,

  • all the un-findable experts will find it and get in touch.

  • Now, in theory, this problem could be solved

  • by publicly announcing what the active topics are.

  • And back when Past-Grey's channel was smaller

  • and he younger and naiver,

  • that's totally a thing he did.

  • But Current-Grey in current year

  • has seen shockingly blatant cases

  • of those who work fast scooping topics

  • from those who work slow.

  • It's not the early days of the Internet any more,

  • and surviving while supporting a team

  • means you must compete with

  • The Entire Entertainment Industry in all its forms.

  • So, some secrecy is necessary.

  • Even though, yes, I'm fully aware I've already divulged

  • what I'm working on in this very video,

  • and I will do it again later,

  • but I'm made an exception.

  • Even though I know from experience

  • I've never not regretted talking about work in progress.

  • Even if the topic is un-scooped or un-scoopable,

  • I just find projects harder to finish

  • once they're out in the open

  • and everyone is watching.

  • Back to the experts.

  • If they exist and we find them,

  • and they're willing to help out,

  • and they're willing to keep a secret

  • (for possibly months),

  • then that's great.

  • But it can still be tricky.

  • For example, which experts?

  • Just about any academic topic will have experts

  • who have spent their entire lives

  • thinking about this one area

  • and who also violently disagree with each other.

  • Which can leave you, the non-expert, to wander

  • dangerously close to the "What is True?" dimension,

  • which, if you're not careful,

  • will suck you into an unproductive, downward spiral

  • of "How do we know anything is true?"

  • This happens to me a least once a month

  • and is a topic which is way beyond

  • the scope of this video.

  • Maybe a story for another time.

  • [under his breath] Ugh, don't say that!

  • Okay, skipping the existential crisis,

  • the script is sent out to experts for checking

  • and then the final draft can be recorded

  • and turned into a video for you to watch.

  • That's how it works in general.

  • Now let's resume the story of Tekoi,

  • skipping ahead to

  • Upload Day!

  • A day that is simultaneously

  • the joyous completion of hundreds

  • of hours of teamwork and

  • the solitude of stomach-churning

  • as you wait to find out if you have been

  • wrong on the Internet.

  • And there are many ways to be

  • wrong on the Internet,

  • which we will visit later,

  • but the process is designed

  • to be able to avoid errors

  • while still being able to publish something

  • (eventually).

  • And in this process,

  • I have learned that my initial impression

  • wasn't quite right.

  • Rather, Tekoi was a tiny part

  • of an enormous for-profit company

  • that used Tekoi as a static firing test range for rocket motors.

  • Motors that just so happened to be used in nuclear missiles,

  • including the famous Minuteman.

  • But there's often so much more

  • left on the cutting room floor,

  • so a new part of the process is

  • doing a director's commentary

  • for crowdfunders with all the extra bits,

  • after I wait a couple of hours

  • to ensure there's no Upload Day disaster

  • that needs immediate attention.

  • The Internet will tell you real fast if you're wrong.

  • But on Tekoi Upload Day,

  • the stomach churning lessened

  • as nothing came in.

  • I went and streamed the commentary

  • in a pretty relieved mood,

  • as this has become a nice, psychological marker for me

  • that a project is truly and completely, finally finished.

  • Doing the commentary kept me up late,

  • but, satisfied with a long days work, I decided,

  • right before trying to sleep,

  • "Let me check the comments one more time."

  • And that is when I found this:

  • the maximum possible stomach-churning comment,

  • asking the audience to imagine what it would be like

  • to do this whole video with the Minuteman missile,

  • but in the video itself is the evidence that

  • it wasn't the Minuteman missile.

  • It was the Trident missile.

  • Oh no.

  • I didn't have to imagine

  • what it was like to do this video.

  • I was the guy who did this video.

  • Not good.

  • At the time I read this comment,

  • basically seconds away from total collapse,

  • I was in no condition to address it.

  • But let's just say I didn't sleep well that night,

  • and we'll skip the depressive,

  • self-destructive, self-doubting part,

  • and jump back to where,

  • with a rebooted brain,

  • I was able to confirm that yes,

  • hootis8 was right and I was wrong.

  • Tekoi did not test Minuteman Missile motors.

  • Tekoi tested Tridents.

  • I even found a poster of one in the

  • exploration video itself!

  • [Past-Grey from Tekoi exploration video] Can't see anything down that corridor.

  • Alright, strategic pride!

  • [game show success sound] ding!

  • [Current-Grey] You may be wondering

  • how I could have spent so long on this topic

  • and yet missed the answer

  • to the most fundamental question.

  • The literal video title.

  • "What Was Tekoi?"

  • Well, me too.

  • So we conducted an autopsy.

  • [under his breath] Oh God, this is only half-way through.

  • It really is a long letter.

  • Okay, because there was so little available information about Tekoi,

  • in that pre-script early exploration phase,

  • I ended up reading a lot about the Cold War in general,

  • which was interesting

  • (unlike most history)

  • but was more than a little infuriating

  • because all the areas right around Tekoi

  • (the Magna Manufacturing Plant,

  • the Wendover Airfield,

  • the Utah Test and Training Range,

  • the Dugway Proving Ground)

  • all kept popping up.

  • But never coy Tekoi herself.

  • And this is where some mind muddling began to occur,

  • because, while I learned the United States Cold War

  • nuclear deterrence forces had three branches

  • (land, sea, and air)

  • most of what I read talked a lot

  • about the ground-based Minuteman missiles,

  • less so about nuclear bombers,

  • and very little about the nuclear subs.

  • So, in my mind, the Minutemen became

  • the real stars of the Cold War,

  • which played into the later error.

  • I did eventually find this book about the history

  • of the Hercules Powder Company that built Tekoi.

  • And while the book contains more information

  • about a now non-existent chemical manufacturing company

  • than most people could reasonably want to know,

  • it does not in, its 433 pages,

  • mention Tekoi even once.

  • Either because, in comparison to the breathtakingly-large

  • international scope of the company,

  • Tekoi was just too small

  • to warrant even a passing mention.

  • Or because the work at Tekoi was classified.

  • Or both.

  • But I was still determined to make a video

  • about this place I had become

  • more than a little obsessed with

  • and was now a connection point to

  • future topics in the Grey-verse.

  • So with what I did have,

  • I went through the process.

  • And it is somewhere in the earliest drafts,

  • I wrote down, "Tekoi tested Minuteman missile motors."

  • That is wrong, but I didn't realize,

  • and it didn't occur to me to double check,

  • because at this stage, the script was still filled

  • with show-stopping holes

  • in need of dire attention

  • before the video had a hope of getting published.

  • Holes like:

  • "What are these things for?"

  • "Why is this building on rails?"

  • "How did all this work?"

  • Now, finding an expert who could discuss

  • the classified details of a site involved in

  • nuclear weapons production proved impossible.

  • While there are people who are experts,

  • and though Tekoi was abandoned for decades,

  • the United States government still takes

  • her secrets pretty seriously.

  • Fun fact: some of the information... uhh... revealed required

  • legal consultation to determine if it could be

  • publicly discussed without, you know, going to prison.

  • It was looking pretty bad for the project,

  • but I did get one confidential military expert

  • who worked at sites like Tekoi

  • to review an early draft of the video,

  • and who explained how sites like this worked

  • and filled in the holes.

  • But they hadn't worked at Tekoi itself,

  • thus had no to reason to know or comment on Tekoi

  • being part of the sea-based arm of nuclear deterrence.

  • Not ground.

  • So in the script,

  • this error had no expert to catch it,

  • but also I didn't catch it.

  • And in the autopsy, it's clear I had not one,

  • not two,

  • but three missed chances to catch the error.

  • First, this test facility footage.

  • [unknown speaker on radio] This will be the firing of D5 second stage Pet Five B250.

  • The D5 spoken refers to the D5 motor

  • of the Trident II submarine-launched nuclear missile.

  • I did wonder what D5 Pet Five B250 meant,

  • but I assumed it was a serial number or other code.

  • Typing any version of the spoken words into Google

  • would have been less than enlightening,

  • but typing D5 missile would have brought me right to it.

  • Second, the list of inspectable sites for START.

  • I had been reading about US/USSR negotiations and inspection sites,

  • but never saw an exact list until I pulled this one

  • from the Federation of American Scientists.

  • Here, I did notice that Tekoi was under the SLBM header

  • not the ICMB header,

  • but I didn't investigate,

  • because at this point,

  • the video was in final animation

  • and I was trying to wrap things up,

  • not wander off the path again.

  • Deciding when to stop tracking down

  • every little thing is a vital skill if you, say,

  • ever want to finish a project.

  • And if you go watch the director's commentary,

  • you can listen to poor innocent Grey,

  • who doesn't know what's coming,

  • discuss that point several times.

  • But this time, all I had do was but lift

  • my reluctant eyes to the top of the page

  • and there behold my answer.

  • SLBM.

  • Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile.

  • How embarrassing!

  • But it gets one worse.

  • Missed chance three.

  • The Timeline.

  • Over the years, one of the most effective tools

  • I've found to disentangle a complicated subject

  • is the humble timeline.

  • Sources you discover in a random order

  • and books often discuss topics out of order

  • so it's clarifying to just write out a list of what happened when.

  • And this often highlights bad or contradictory sources.

  • This is where I unambiguously failed the hardest.

  • To simplify, I've been calling the Minuteman Missile "the Minuteman Missile,"

  • but there's actually three.

  • One. Two. Three.

  • First deployed in '62, '65 and '70.

  • The United States ordered one thousand to be built

  • and I don't know how long it took to fill that order.

  • Most sources gave a vague the seventies

  • but maddeningly,

  • in doing another round of investigating for this video,

  • we found government sources ranging from 1977 to 1963.

  • What the deal is with that I have no idea.

  • I have to stop investigating now,

  • otherwise this correction video

  • you're hopefully still watching,

  • will never get published.

  • But, this is exactly how a timeline can show you something's up.

  • And Past-Grey should have known better

  • than to just accept a vague the seventies

  • for the full one thousand Minuteman deployment.

  • That sort of raises a yellow flag in general.

  • But even if that means the later half of the decade,

  • Tekoi was (probably) built in 1976,

  • which is a tight timeline to have tested the Minutemen.

  • This is 100% my fault.

  • I should have caught this way early in the process,

  • but I just didn't.

  • Which, well, is why we're all here.

  • Okay so big deal, you got the wrong missile.

  • Why not just fix the video and replace it?

  • A good question that drags us down into

  • the detailed bowels of how YouTube works.

  • YouTube does not let creators

  • replace videos with new versions.

  • You have to upload a whole new video,

  • which risks annoying literally millions of people

  • with redundant notifications

  • (should YouTube choose to send them)

  • and tempts the YouTube gods

  • to look unfavorably upon your channel because

  • [as YouTube god bot] That last video had terrible engagement.

  • [Current-Grey] While I will publicly and loudly complain

  • that YouTube won't let creators replace videos,

  • I'm also secretly grateful for this

  • because it forces a definitive end to projects,

  • without which my channel would doubtless have

  • but a single video still,

  • "The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained,"

  • which I would have spent the last ten years

  • tweaking, revising, expanding, fixing, and fixing again

  • as the fixes introduced new things to be fixed.

  • Oh, and updating as the facts themselves changed.

  • So, I can't believe YouTube won't let me

  • replace a video with an updated version, but also

  • [whispering] please don't ever let me, YouTube,

  • [whispering] I only have a career because you force me to move on.

  • Now, there is additionally a general opportunity cost

  • of going backward instead of making something new,

  • separate from the specifics of YouTube.

  • So how to decide, in general,

  • when the mountain of backwards costs is worth ascending?

  • To discuss, let's visit...

  • The Menagerie of Mistakes

  • For example,

  • in the video about Northern Ireland's lack of flag,

  • Scotland has three arms.

  • This is a glitch.

  • Glitches are harmless (if annoying) creatures.

  • Well, annoying to creators.

  • For audiences, they are fun and easy to catch.

  • Which is why within seconds of posting a video,

  • "Scotland has three arms" will be the top comment.

  • Glitches get in because, for the creator,

  • glitches are really good at hiding in plain sight,

  • surviving revision after revision.

  • And if you do spot them and try to fix them in a rush,

  • you often just cause their multiplication.

  • It's best to realize glitches will always be with you,

  • and accept their companionship as part of the process.

  • Next over, we have blunders.

  • Blunders make you look like a fool,

  • but still in a mostly harmless way.

  • I've only ever once before re-uploaded a video,

  • and it was "Holland vs The Netherlands"

  • because of a blunder everyone caught minutes

  • after publication and I couldn't live with.

  • I'd swapped flags of France and the Netherlands at one spot.

  • That's wrong and embarrassing,

  • but had it not been caught instantly,

  • I probably would have to had to learn to leave it be.

  • In the same way, I blundered this name,

  • pronouncing it Kur-a-ko (Kʊərækoʊ),

  • demonstrating exactly how familiar I was with the place or the alcohol.

  • When you're feeling amazing

  • about a thing that you've made,

  • it really tempts delighting a blunder to steal your thunder.

  • Next are errors.

  • Ugly, charmless things without redeeming value

  • that come in many different species.

  • From Error Trivialius,

  • Bad Takeus,

  • Technically Correctus,

  • Error Factualius,

  • and many, many others.

  • Their variety make it impossible to talk

  • about management in general because,

  • unlike glitches and blunders,

  • which look the same to everyone,

  • errors come from the "What is True?" dimension,

  • which means different humans will perceive

  • their size and importance and species in different ways.

  • Or disagree about if there's an error at all.

  • But, if you make things, there will be errors.

  • And post publication, deciding what to do about them

  • will have to take into account the size

  • and species you perceive and the cost

  • of extracting its disgusting tentacles

  • from what you have made.

  • Versus the benefits of accepting that you can't always

  • get them all and moving onward to make a new thing.

  • But.

  • When errors grow large enough, they become a new subspecies:

  • The Error Cataestrofagus

  • An error that fundamentally breaks

  • at least part of what you have made.

  • And, in making a straight-factual video called "What is Tekoi?"

  • (a video that was, at the time of publication,

  • the only generally accessible summary

  • of information about this location)

  • Getting which type of missile they tested wrong

  • is a catastrophic factual error.

  • Which I why I decided to fix it.

  • Part four.

  • There were no other parts.

  • But this is finally the end.

  • My dad always said to me,

  • "The cost of perfection is infinite."

  • And he was totally right.

  • I can't promise perfection,

  • but post-autopsy,

  • me and the team are not only working on future videos

  • with this experience in mind,

  • but also working on the process

  • that makes the videos,

  • and if we need to make that process longer

  • to bring videos closer to perfection,

  • we will.

  • Without a doubt, Future-Me will watch this video and wonder,

  • "Why, oh why, did Past-Grey have so many words

  • in this script to convey the simple message.

  • I was wrong, I apologize, I've fixed it."

  • But Future-Grey isn't Current-Grey,

  • and as Pascal famously quipped,

  • "If I had more time, I would have written a shorter letter."

  • The old Tekoi video is now unlisted

  • if you're curious to see what's changed.

  • The director's commentary is public now

  • as a sort of historical curiosity, I guess.

  • And the new version of "What is Tekoi?" is here for you to watch.

  • I hope you like it again and thank you for making it to the end.

  • [soft chill music slowly fades]

As Mark Twain once quipped,

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CGP Grey was WRONG

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    高振源 に公開 2021 年 08 月 27 日
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