UnitedNationsresearchersaresettomaketheirstrongeststatementyetontheimpactofclimatechange. In a keyreportsettingouthowtheworld's oceans, icecaps, andlandcouldchangeinthenextdecades. Researchersconfirmedthatifglobaltemperatureincreaseislimitedto 1.5 Celsiusabovepre-industriallevels, theworstcatastrophescanstillbeavoided.
So, theUNissettorelease a newreportontheeffectsofclimatechange. It's goingtocontaindetailsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeonthenaturalworld. It's expectedtobethestrongestwarningyet, anditwarnsaboutwhatmighthappenifglobaltemperaturerisesarenotkeptto 1.5° Celsiusabovepre-industriallevels. So, seriousnewstherefromtheUN.
So, we'retalkingabout 'stark' inthecontextofclimatechange, whichisobviously a hugelyimportantglobalissue. Whencouldweusethiswordinmoreeverydayspeech, oraneverydaycontext?
- Maybe a kindof... youknow, a threatofpunishmentortheymightraisetheirvoice a littlebit. Andthenthechildwillbereally, reallyclearaboutthepossibleconsequencesiftheydon't changetheirbehaviour. - Yeah, theycouldget a letterhomeorsomethinglikethat. Yeah. - Yeah.
So, wecouldsaythatblackis a 'starkcontrast' towhite, right? As a basicexample. Now, I knowthatthere's oneothercollocation, whichisquitecommoninBritishEnglish, whichis 'starknaked', right?
OK. Todaywe'retalkingabout a 'stark' warningfromtheUNonclimatechange. TheUN, in 2019, alsodelivered a 'stark' warningfrom a reportonnaturelossandwedid a NewsReviewaboutthis. Catherine, howcantheaudiencefindthis?
Yes, we'reherewiththeBBCNewsandtheheadline "Starkwarningoverclimate (change) a 'wake-upcall"
はい、BBCニュースとヘッドラインでお送りします。
'A wake-upcall' – a shockingevent, whichcancausechangesinbehaviourorattitude. Catherine, overtoyou.
A wake-up call」-衝撃的な出来事です。行動や態度の変化を引き起こす可能性があります。 Catherine, over to you.
Yes. Now, westartwith 'a'. Thenthesecondword: 'wake' – W-A-K-E. Thirdwordis 'up' – U-P. But – thosetwowords, 'wake' and 'up', arejoinedwith a hyphenwhenyouwritethem. Andthefinalwordis 'call' – C-A-L-L. So, youhave 'a wake-upcall'. Now, Tom, I'm sureyou'vehad 'a wake-upcall' in a hotel, haven't you, atsomepointinyourlife?
OK. So, we'retalkingabout 'wake-upcall', againinthisseriouscontextofclimatechange. Couldyougiveusanexampleofwhenwecanuse 'wake-upcall' in a moreeverydaycontext?
So, thatbadgrade – that D orthat E – was a 'wake-upcall' becauseitmakesyougetbacktoreality, workharder. So, a seriouswarningthatmakesyouchangeyourbehaviouris 'a wake-upcall'.
Absolutely. Anythingthatisreally, reallybad – like, really, reallybadcanbe 'dire'. Anythingfrom a film, to a song, to a party, to a pizza – youcanget a terrible, really, reallybadteacher... pizza! Youcansay, 'Thatpizzawasabsolutelydire!' Itmeanstheworstpizzayou'veevereaten.
OK. Catherine, canyourecaptoday's vocabularyfortheaudience, please?
OKです。キャサリン、今日のボキャブラリーを聴衆に向けて要約してもらえますか?
Yes. Wehad 'stark' – clearandunpleasant; wehad 'a wake-upcall' – a shockingeventwhichcancausechangestoattitudeorbehaviour, and 'dire', whichmeansveryseriousandbad.