Name: Covid-19: what will it take to vaccinate the world? | The Economist
Uploaded: 2021-05-23T15:53:04.000Z
Duration: 9 min 51 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

The race between infection and injection is on

But immunising the global population against covid-19…

No one has ever tried to vaccinate an entire planet…

…as fast as they're trying to do it now

The rich world has most of the global vaccine supply

Prompting many countries to turn to Chinese and Russian jabs…

…when it's not yet completely clear how safe or effective they are

It might turn out that these are really great vaccines…

…but unless you see the underlying data, you can't be absolutely sure

…or could it have negative consequences...

…are placing health systems under increasing strain

It's amazing we've even got these vaccines at all

…is how to supply and distribute these vaccines

And some vaccines are easier to distribute than others

Of the three jabs to have been approved for use…

Two, made by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna…

…require storage at low temperatures…

…making them more suitable for use in the rich world

Israel is leading the roll-out of the Pfizer jab

Just over 30% of the population have received at least one dose…

…making them the most immunised nation in the world

Israel was helped by a deal with Pfizer, which gave it access to jabs…

…in exchange for data about how the vaccine was working

And the country's size and population density also helped

Israel is a small country and distributing the Pfizer vaccine is easier…

…when you can move it around without it heating up and spoiling

The third vaccine to receive authorisation…

…offers hope of wider and faster distribution

Developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University…

The AstraZeneca vaccine is the vaccine…

…I think that most of the world will use…

…and will be made in lots of places around the world

But rolling out this vaccine poses two big challenges

…will struggle to get it into arms quickly and safely

It's much more than just flying them to the airport

Even though the Astra vaccine is suitable…

…even India is going to have a real “cold chain” problem

…is that the vast majority of these jabs…

…have already been snapped up by the rich world

Three-fifths of the two billion confirmed orders…

…of AstraZeneca doses will go to high-income countries

…and almost three-quarters of the Pfizer vaccine

Even taking into account the high death rates in the rich world…

…some nations pre-ordered significantly more…

America ordered enough to vaccinate the population twice over

The UK ordered enough to vaccinate the population…

And Canada, where deaths have been relatively low…

…ordered enough to vaccinate the population five times

The director-general of the World Health Organisation…

…has dubbed this hoarding a “me first” approach…

…which could increase suffering and prolong the pandemic

Rich countries ordered more vaccine than they need…

…they, at some point, are going to have to donate some of it

The question is, when are they going to donate?

…and will depend on the mood of the countries involved

The good news is that there is a scheme…

…to make sure lower- and middle-income countries…

It's called COVAX and works like a global vaccine-buying club…

…that allows rich countries to subsidise vaccines…

…for poorer countries and pool demand…

…President Biden was quick to announce…

…America would join the group of 190 participating economies

…is that about 3% of each country's population…

…will have got adequate supplies of vaccine by the summer

That's roughly the number of health-care workers…

That's quite a lot, but not enough by any means…

…to vaccinate much of the world's population

That leaves a large global shortfall in safe and effective vaccines

…many countries are turning to China and Russia

Both nations have made vaccines which they say work and are safe

The problem is it's hard to know if that's true