torn me in half.

私は真っ二つに引き裂かれました

It was the night that Barack Obama was elected.

バラク・オバマが大統領として 選出された夜です

148 years after the end of the slavery

奴隷制度の廃止から143年―

and 48 years after the passage of the voting rights act.

そして投票権法が

An African American was elected president.

制定されてから43年が経ち

Many of us never thought that this was possible until the moment that happened.

アフリカ系アメリカ人が 大統領に選出されたのです

And in many ways, it was the

私たちの多くがこの瞬間が訪れるまでは

climax of the black civil rights movent in the United States.

こんなことは起こりえないと思っていました

I was in California that night, which was ground zero at the time for another movement.

そして色々な意味で これはアメリカにおける

the marriage equality movent.

アフリカ系アメリカ人公民権運動の

Gay marriage was on the ballot in the form of proposition eight.

クライマックスだったのです

And as the election returns started to come in,

私はその夜 カリフォルニアにいて

it became clear that the right for same-sex couples to marry

そこは当時始まったばかりの

which had recently been granted by the California courts was gonna be taken away.

別の運動の拠点でした

So, on the same night that Barack Obama won his historic presidency

結婚平等運動です

The lesbian and gay communities suffered one of the our most painful defeats.

この時 同性婚は

and then it got even worse.

住民投票事項８として 投票が行われており

Pretty much immediately, African American started to be blamed for the passage of proposition eight.

開票結果の途中経過が発表されるにつれ

umm this was largely due to an incorrect poll that said

カリフォルニア州の裁判所によって

that blacks had voted for the measure by, something like seventy percent

最近認められた

This turned out not to be true, but this idea of pervasive black homophobia set in.

同性のカップルが結婚できる権利は 失われるであろうという事実が

and was grabbed on by the media.

はっきりと分かってきました

I couldn't tear myself away from the coverage.

ですから バラク・オバマ氏が

I listened to some gay commentators say that the

大統領選で歴史的な勝利を 遂げたのとまさに同じ夜

African American community was notoriously homophobic.

レズビアンとゲイのコミュニティーは

and now that civil rights havd been achieved for us,

非常に辛い敗北を味わったのです

we wanted to take away other people's rights.

それから 事態はさらにひどくなりました

There are even reports of racists apathets been thrown at some of the participants

ほぼその直後に

of the gay rights rallies that took place after the election.

住民投票事項８が可決された理由として

And on the other side, some African Americans dismissed or ignored

アフリカ系アメリカ人が 非難され始めたのです

homophobia that was in deep in our community.

非難の大半の理由は 誤った世論調査によるもので

And others resented this comparison between gay rights and civil rights and

それによると

once again the sinking feeling that, uh,

黒人の７割が賛成に投票したというのです

two minority groups, of which I'm both a part of

後に事実ではないと判明しましたが

were competing with each other, instead of supporting each other,

黒人の多くが同性愛嫌悪だという考えは 浸透してしまい

Overwhelmed, and frankly pissed me off.

すぐにメディアはこれを取り上げました

Now, I'm a documentary film maker, so after going through my pisse-off stage,

私はこの報道から目を離せませんでした

yelling at the television and radio. My next instinct was to make a movie.

あるゲイのコメンテーターが

And what guided me in making this film was, how was this happening?

「アフリカ系アメリカ人のコミュニティーが

How was it that the gay rights movement was being pitted against the civil rights movement?

同性愛嫌悪の傾向にあるのは有名で

and this wasn't just an abstract question.

彼らが公民権を手にした今 他の人々の人権を

I'm a beneficiary of both movements, so this was actually personal.

奪おうとしているのだ」と言っていました

But then someting else happened after that election in 2008,

また 投票後に行われた

the march towards gay equality exhilarated at a pace that surprised and shocked everyone.

ゲイ・ライツの集会参加者に対して

And it still reshaping our laws and our policies, our institution and our entire country.

人種差別的な暴言を吐く人がいた

And so it started to become increasingly clear to me that

という報道すらありました

this pitting of the two movements against to each other actually didn't make sense.

その一方で

And that they were in fact much much more interconnected.

アフリカ系アメリカ人の中には 実際に私たちのコミュニティーに存在する

And that in fact, some of the way that the gay rights movement has been able to make such

同性愛嫌悪を否定したり 無視する人もいました

incredible gains so quickly.

また ゲイ・ライツと公民権を

It's like it used the same tactics and strategies that were

比較することに腹を立てる人もいて

first laid down by the civil rights movement.

またしても 私の属している

Let's just look at a few of the strategies.

社会的少数派の２つのグループが

Let's just look at a few of the strategies.

互いに支え合うのではなく

First off, it's really interesting to see, to actually visually see

対立しているのだという事実に 気持ちが沈み

how quick the gay rights movement has made its gains, if you look at

そして打ちのめされ

a few of the major events on a timeline of both freedom movements.

正直に言って 強い憤りを感じました

Now, there are tons of milestones in civil rights movements. But the

私はドキュメンタリー映画の製作者なので

first one that we're gonna start with is the

テレビやラジオに向かって怒鳴り

1995 Montgomery Bus Boycott, this was a

怒りを発散させる時期を過ぎた後で

protest campaign against Montgomery Alabama's, uh

次にやりたいと思ったのは

segragation on their public transit system.

映画を製作することでした

And it began when a woman named Rosa Parks, refused to give up her seat to a white person.

この映画製作において 道しるべとなったのは

The campaign lasted a year and it galvanized civil rights movements like

なぜこのような状況になったのか―

nothing had before it.

なぜゲイ・ライツ・ムーブメントが

And I call this strategy, the "I'm Tired of You Foot on My Neck" strategy.

公民権運動と対抗させられるように なったのかということでした

So, gays and lesbians have been in society since societies began.

これは単なる抽象的な問い ではありませんでした

but up until the mid twentieth century, homosexual acts were still illegal in most states.

私は両方の運動の受益者なので

So just 14 years after the Montgomery Bus Boycott , a group of LGBT folks took that same

これは個人的な問いだったのです

strategy, it's known as Stonewall in 1969.

そして 2008年の住民投票の後

And it's wear a group of LGBT patrons fought back

新たな出来事が起こりました

against police beatings at a Greenwich Village bar, that

同性愛者の平等を追求する流れは

sparked three days of rioting.

誰もが驚くような速さで

Incidentally, black and matino LGBT folks were at the forefront of this rebellion.

勢いを増し

and it's a really interesting example of the intersection of our struggle

今もこの国の法律や政策 組織や

against racism, homophobia, gender identy and police brutality.

国全体を作り変えつつあるのです

After, uh, Stonewell happened,

次第に ２つの運動を対抗させることは

gay liberation groups sprang up all over the country.

意味をなさないということが

And the modern gay rights movement, as we know, it took off.

私には徐々にはっきりと分かってきました

So the next moment to look at, on the timeline is

そして実際には

the 1963 March on Washington, this was a seminal event in the civil rights movement.

両者が相互に深く関わりあっており

And it's where African Americans call for both civil and economic justice.

ゲイ・ライツ・ムーブメントが

And it's of course where Martin Luther King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, but

こんなにも早く成果をあげられたのは

what's actually less known is that this march was organized

公民権運動で初めて用いられた

by a man named Bayard Rustin.

いくつかの戦術や戦略を

Bayard was an out gay man, and he is considered one of the most brilliant strategists of the civil rights movement.

利用したことが

He....later in his life, became a fierce advocate of LGBT rights as well.

成功の要因なのです

And his life is testiment to the intersection of the struggles.

ここで その戦略のいくつかを 見ていきましょう

But March on Washington is one of the high points of the movements, and

まずはじめに 実際に 目に見えて興味深いのは―

it's where there's a fervent believe that African Americans, too, could be a part

２つの解放運動の

of American democracy. I call this strategy the

年表にある主要な出来事を見ると

"We Are Visible and Many in Numbers" strategy.

ゲイ・ライツ・ムーブメントが

Some early gay activists were actually directly inspired by the march, and some

いかに早く結果を 収めてきたかが分かることです

had taken part.

さて 公民権運動には 大変多くの節目がありますが

Gay pioneer, Jack Nichols, said, we marched with Martin Luther King,

さて 公民権運動には 大変多くの節目がありますが

seven of us, from the mattachine society, which is an early gay rights organization.

最初にお話しするのは1955年の

And from that moment on, we had our own dream,

モンゴメリー・バス・ボイコット事件です

about a gay rights march of similar proportions.

これはアラバマ州モンゴメリーで

Several years later, a series of marches took place.

実施されていた公共交通機関における

Each one gaming the momentum of the gay freedom struggle.

人種隔離政策に対する抗議運動で

The first one was in 1979, and the second one took place in 1987.

ローザ・パークスという１人の女性が

The third one was held in 1993.

席を白人に明け渡すのを 拒んだことが発端でした

Almost a million people showed up.

抗議運動は約１年続き

And people were so energized and excited by what had taken place,

これにより公民権運動は

they went back to their own communities,

かつてないほどに活気づきました

and started their own political and social organizations

私はこの戦略を

further increasing the visibility of the movement.

「首を足で踏みつけられることに 辟易した」戦略と呼んでいます

The day of that march, October 11th was then declared

ゲイとレズビアンは社会というものが 生まれた当時から

National Coming Out Day, and it's still celebrated all over the world.

社会に存在していますが

These marches set the groud work for the historic changes

20世紀半ばまでは 同姓愛行為は

that we see happening today in the United States.

ほとんどの州で違法だとされてきました

And lastly, the Loving strategy, the name speaks for itself.

モンゴメリー・バス・ボイコット事件から たった14年後に

In 1967, the supreme court ruled in Viriginia v.s. Loving

あるLGBT(性的マイノリティ)グループが これと同じ戦略を利用します

and invalidated all laws that prohibited interracial marriage.

ストーンウォールの反乱として 知られる この事件は

This is considered one of the supreme court's landmark civil rights cases.

1969年にLGBTの支持グループの人々が

In 1996, President Clinton signed the defense of marriage act, or known as DOMA

グリニッジ・ヴィレッジのバーでの 警察の暴行に対し

and that made the federal government only had to recognize marriages between a man and a woman.

応戦したことが火種となり

In United States v.s. Winsor, a seventy-nine-year-old lesbian

３日間の暴動が起きたものです

named Edith Wiinsor sued the federal government,

奇しくも この暴動の前線にいたのは

when she was forced to pay a state taxes under her diseased wife property,

黒人とラテン系のLGBTの人々で

something that, uh, heterosexual couples don't have to do.

人種差別や同性愛嫌悪や性同一性―

And as the case wound its way through the lower courts,

警察による暴行などといった 私たちが闘っている問題が

the loving case was repeatedly sighted as president.

交差している 実に興味深い例でもあります

when it got to the supreme court in 2013, the supreme court agreed,

ストーンウォールの反乱の後 国のあちこちで

and DOMA was thrown out, which is incredible.

同性愛者解放グループが発足され

But the gay marriage movement has been making gains for years now.

私たちが知るような現代の ゲイ・ライツ・ムーブメントが始まったのです

To date, 17 states have passed laws allowing marriage equalities.

年表にある出来事のうち 次に注目したいのは

become the de facto battle for gay equality.

1963年のワシントン大行進です

And it seems that daily laws prohibiting it, are being challenged in the courts.

この出来事は公民権運動に 強い影響をもたらし

Even places like Texas and Utah, which no one had saw coming.

このときアフリカ系アメリカ人が

So a lot has changed since that night in 2008 when I felt torn in half.

司法的・経済的公正の双方を求めたのです

I did go on to make that film, it's a documentary film.

マーティン・ルーサー・キングが 有名な

And it's called The New Black,

「私には夢がある」という演説をしたのですが

and it looks sad how the African American community is grappling with the gay rights issue

意外と知られていないのは

in light of the gay marriage movement and this fight

この大行進を計画したのが

over the the meaning of civil rights.

バイヤード・ラスティンという 男性であるということです

And I wanted to capture some of this incredible changes that was happening.

バイヤードは ゲイであることを公言し

And as luck or politics would have it, another marriage battle started

公民権運動のもっとも優秀な戦略家の

gearing up. This time in Marriland, where African Americans make up 30 percent

１人であるとされています

of the electorate.

彼は後に LGBTの人々の権利を

So this tension between gay rights and civil rights started to bubble up, once again.

強く後押しする提唱者となり その人生は

And I was lucky enough to capture how some people

苦闘や困難が交錯していることを 物語っています

were making the connection between the movements this time.

ワシントン大行進は

Uh, this is a clip of Korest Taylor Hughs and Samantha Masters, two characters in the film

公民権運動における盛り上がりの１つで

as they hit the street of Baltimore, and tried to convince potential voters.

アフリカ系アメリカ人もまた

Yeah, what's up man?

アメリカの民主主義の一部になれるという

This man right over here.

熱烈な思いが存在していました

Are you registered for the vote?

私はこの戦略を

Yeah.

「私たちは目に見える存在で 数多くいるのだ」戦略と呼んでいます

OK. How old are you?

初期の同性愛活動家の中には

Twenty one.

この大行進に直接感化された者や

OK. You got you registered for the vote. Right.

大行進に参加した者もいました

I ain't voting on that gay shit, though.

同性愛者の先駆者である ジャック・ニコルスは言いました

OK, why?

「私たちマタシーン・ソサエティの７人は

I ain't with that.

マーティン・ルーサー・キングと 共に歩んだ」と

Why's that?

この団体はゲイの人権団体の 先駆者でした

That's not cool.

「その瞬間から 我々は この大行進に匹敵するような規模の

What makes you being gay?

ゲイ・ライツの大行進を することが夢になったのです」と

Right, so what makes you being straight?

数年後 一連の行進が行われ

What makes you being straight? What makes you being straight? Same thing.

それぞれが同性愛者解放への勢いを

You can't ask the question.

増していきました

You can't ask the question.

最初の行進は1979年―

I used to have the same attitude, but I know that a black male like yourself

次にあったのが1987年でした

stood up for woman like me. I know I got the same opportunities,

3つ目は1993年に行われました

so you as a black man, has the ability to stand up for somebody else.

約100万人が参加し

Whether you're gay or not, these are your brothers and sisters out here.

この出来事に大いに活気づけられ 興奮させられた

And they need you to represent.

人々が

And who are you to tell us to care? Who do they care they're with? They ain't like their problem.

自分のコミュニティーへと戻った後は

Right. Nobody here has the power to say that you care about her, and you'll leave. Who has that power? Nobody!

それぞれが

But you know what? Our state puts the power in your hands.

政治・社会団体を立ち上げ

And so what we need you to do is vote for it.

運動の認知度をさらに上げました

I got you. Yeah. I got you.

行進が行われた10月11日は

And do you all need community service hours? You do?

その後 カミングアウトデーと名付けられ

Alright, you all can volunteer and ask for community service hour. You want to do that?

今も世界中でお祝いされています

We feed you with plenty of pizzas.

これらの行進は 私たちが

Thank you.

現在アメリカ国内で目にしている

What's amazing to me about that clip that we just, you know, captured, is we were filming

歴史的変革の礎を築いたのです

it really shows how Korest understands the history of the civil rights movement.

そして最後の戦略は 「ラビング(愛する)」戦略です

But she's not restricted by it. She doesn't just limit it to black people.

名前自体がその内容を物語っています

She sees it as a blue print,

1967年 連邦最高裁は

for expanding rights for gays and lesbians.

ラビング対バージニア裁判で

Maybe 'cause she's younger, she's like twenty five, she's able to do this a little bit more easily.

異人種間の結婚を禁ずる法律を

But the fact is that, Marilyn voters did pass that marriage equality amendment.

すべて無効とする判決を下しました

And in fact, it was the first time that marriage equality was directly voted on

この裁判は 連邦最高裁が関わった

and passed by the voters.

公民権案件の大きな出来事の １つとされています

African Americans supported it at a higher level

1996年 クリントン大統領は

that had ever been recorded.

結婚防衛法 通称DOMAに署名をし

It was a complete turn-around from that night in 2008

連邦政府によって

when proposition eight was passed.

男女間での結婚だけを 認めなければならないという

It was and feels monumental.

法律が可決されました

Like we in the LGBT community have gone from being a

アメリカ対ウィンザー裁判では

pathologized and reviled and criminalized group,

イーディス・ウィンザーという 79歳のレズビアン女性が

to being seen as part of the great human quest for

亡き妻の資産の相続税を

dignity and equality.

強制的に払わされたとして

We've gone from having to hide our sexuality in order to maintain our jobs

連邦政府を訴えました

and our families, to literally getting a place at the table with the president.

これは 異性同士のカップルであれば 払わなくてもよいものです

And a shout out at his second inauguration.

この訴訟が様々な下級裁判所を

I just wanna read what he said at that inauguration.

駆け巡るたびに

We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths –- that all of us are created equal –-

その度に ラビング裁判が 前例として挙げられました

it is the star that guides us still

2013年に 連邦最高裁での審議に上ると

just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall.

最高裁は原告側の主張に同意し

Now we know that everything is not perfect,

結婚防衛法は廃止されました

especially when you look at what's happening with the LGBT

驚異的な出来事でした

rights issue internationally.

しかし 同性婚運動は

But it says something about how far we've come.

ここ何年もの間成功を収めています

When our president puts the gay freedom struggle and the contacts of the other