which we could call digital depression.

In the last six or seven years,

the depression rates have increased

by about 30 to 40% in teenagers.

Suicide rates have gone up 30% among boys,

and it literally doubled, 100% increase in teenage girls.

There's no biological explanation

for this massive increase in depression,

anxiety, and suicidality.

The suggestion I'm making

is that there's a cultural explanation,

which is the rise of social media.

The average teenager spends about seven hours a day

on their smartphone.

In general, social media is not passive anymore.

It's very interactive.

So, you know, you're texting with friends,

and you're sending pictures,

so there is someone else on the other end.

That can be good and that can be bad.

You know, if it's a positive relationship,

you might feel better.

If it's a negative relationship, though,

it could make you feel a lot worse.

So, for instance, people talk about

fear of missing out on an experience,

especially with Snapchat, Instagram,

where people are, in realtime,

talking about where they are.

And so with teenager or young adults,

the low self-esteem arises

from not being invited to a party,

or not being around a certain group to go out.

Once, or twice, or three times,

that probably wouldn't make anyone feel bad,

but when it's happening every day,

dozens of times,

and in a month, hundreds of times,

it's very easy for that to add up

to reduce that person's self-esteem.

As a culture, we have to realize we have a problem,

and we have to figure out how to fix it.

We basically need to get children to wait,

just like they've waited to drive,

they wait to drink,

they need to wait to responsibly use social media.

I would recommend not giving smartphones to children at all.

Not giving it to children

until they get into the adolescent years,

maybe age 13, 14.

And then if teenagers have anxiety and depression,

I think we should take away their social media,

just like you would stop it

if they had an alcohol problem or a drug problem.

It's really changed childhood and adolescence,

and personal experiences for the next generation.