of resources. Also, trade conserves wealth. If we want to produce a given quantity of

output, we can produce it using fewer inputs, using fewer resources, if we have an opportunity

to trade.

Consider Fritz and Lou. Fritz and Lou can grow wheat, and they can grow corn. They need

a certain amount of wheat and a certain amount of corn to feed their families. Fritz could

produce 1,000 bushels of wheat per acre, or 500 bushels of corn per acre. Lou could produce

500 bushels of wheat or 1,000 bushels of corn per acre.

Fritz and Lou can produce wheat and corn under two different sets of circumstances. They

could produce in autarky, which means that they don’t trade with each other. In autarky,

Fritz is going to need one acre to produce 1,000 bushels of wheat and two acres to produce

1,000 bushels of corn. Lou is going to need two acres on which to produce 1,000 bushels

of wheat and one acre on which to produce 1,000 bushels of corn. In total, they’re

going to use six acres of land to produce the wheat and the corn that they need to feed

their families.

There’s a second scenario. They could trade. Now let’s see what happens if Fritz specializes

completely in wheat and Lou specializes completely in corn. In this case, Fritz produces 2,000

bushels of wheat on two acres, and Lou produces 2,000 bushels of corn on two acres. Let’s

suppose that they trade. Fritz trades 1,000 bushels of wheat for 1,000 bushels of corn.

Now, they each have the 1,000 bushels of wheat and 1,000 bushels of corn that they need to

feed their families, but they’ve only used four acres to produce it rather than six.

They’ve saved two acres of land. They’ve saved resources that can be used to produce

parks, that can be used for anything. They’ve saved resources; they’ve conserved wealth,

solely through the opportunity to trade.