Name: アメリカ史概論2 - 復興から大恐慌まで (US History Overview 2 - Reconstruction to the Great Depression)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:01:23.000Z
Duration: 14 min 23 s
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it was two months after he was assasinated;

but now the North was dominant and essentially

And we enter a period called reconstruction

And reconstruction can refer to one of two things.

One is just the reconstruction from the war.

Obviously, there was a lot of damage done

But it's usually refered to the actual reconstruction to the south

and to some degree, kind of the reform of the south.

like I did in the last video, and I might

ignore some major events that might have been important

but the three big things that happened during reconstructions

other than the fact that the north were occupying the south

and essensially to a large degree suspending democracy in the south

and installing its own pollititions and its own law makers

is that the United States passed the thirteenth fourteenth and fifteenth ammendments

these are nown as the reconstructions ammendments.

and in 1865 you have the thirteenth ammendment

we talked about the emancipation proclomation

and that was essentially Abraham Lincoln's exacutive orders

this was the speach he made but now it became an official law

but in 1868 you have the fourteenth ammendment

which made everyone - ever person- born in the United States

a citizen and this includes the free slaves

so its kind of like the slaves are now free and they are also citizens

and in 1870 you have the fifteenth ammendment which gave all

and I emphasize the MEN because even at this point

and the fourteenth ammendment also introduced the

due process which i wont go into details here,

but it essentially said "look the government has to go

whether it can take away property from or in some

way incurr, I guess, in some way infringe on rights of other people but we'll talk, we'll probably do

but these were the real take aways so it really brought the

former slaves, at least by law, by these ammendments on equal

standing. but we know that in practice that didn't happen. And you go fastforwards to

1877 and you essentially have the Reconstruction

period formally ending, the occupation of the South formally ends and as soon

as the occupation of the South formally ends you essentially

and Democracy comes about you have a bunch of people coming to power and at this point of time the Republicans

were essentially, the North and these were the people who were kind of anti-slavery and you know, Abraham

Lincoln was Republican and the Democrats come to power in the South and we can talk about how the different

perceptions of the different parties change over time but at this point as soon as the occupation ended

and to a large degree and you know I put Democracy in quotes because even in this period the North had essentaily

not occupied it anymore but the elections--these were things that were heavily contested, you have both

sides of them kind of exerting force and in particular you have the Jim Crow Laws being passed in the

South and they're called "Jim Crow" based on this parody of the early 1800s. It was a practice for white

men in the South at this time were even well before this in order to parody blacks they would paint their

face black and they would act silly and all of this. Jim Crow was the name of one of these characters

that was protrayed in the early 1800s--I think Jumping Jim Crow was the name--so that's where the laws

come from, but the Jim Crow laws essentially segregated blacks and whites in the South and even though

the idea might have been that they were equal, the reality were that the conditions for blacks--the places

that they were separated to--were far inferior. They had to use separate drinking fountains, they had

to use separate bathrooms, they couldn't sit in the same parts of theaters or in the same parts of buses.

And these lasted all the way until the Civil Rights Movement--all the way to the 1960s. Now, at the same

time that all of this was happening, you kinda had this post-war, this post-Civil War boom in the econom,

where you hadthis kind of massive building of the railroads and steam engines and you know...to some

degree it was the First--well, I don't want to say the first, there was kind of many- there was kind

of many ages of mass inovation--but all of these things tend to lead to a little bit of a bubble. And

then in 1873, what you have happening is a lot of the governments of the world start to go off of the

gold and silver standard and they go to the gold standard. And what that happens is that anyone left

on the silver standard or partially both, the gold and silver standard, their currency would de-value,

and back then it was known as an unbalanced negative for your currency to de-value, we can later talk

about that... and so the US decides to follow and the big, the big actor here was Germany that decided

to go off of the silver standards and go on the pure gold standard. And so the US decided to follow suit

with the Coinage Act, in 1873, but this leads to a huge--they called the Panic of 1870, theres a couple

of things here. One, it completely demolishes the price of silver, although it was happening on a normal

basis. It hurts the silver miners and the industries associated with the silver miners--but I guess more

importantly, it restricts the money supply, now I won't go into all of the economic stuff. When you restrict

the money supply, you essentially increase interest rates and it essentially pops the bubble that was

forming, due to the railroads and all of the booming business and then you essentially have the US entering

a depressionand that depression last from 1873 (when the Coinage Act and the bubble burst) all the way

to 1879 but lucky for the United States after that time period

After it recovered from the depression (at a super fast rate) in one of the fastest economic

Tens of millions from Europe and by 1890 the United States was

now the richest country in the world on a per capita basis

which was amazing! Because only 100 years ago it was kind of this colony of Great Britain

It was kind of this thing that the European powers did not view as having relevance to them

but now it was the richest country in the world

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アメリカ史概論2 - 復興から大恐慌まで (US History Overview 2 - Reconstruction to the Great Depression)

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