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  • This is such a vast spider web of contacts.

  • This data that will be transferring

  • between phones will now be encrypted.

  • What more do we know about how

  • this is actually going to work?

  • The clamor to improve contact tracing

  • has seen nations like Israel, Singapore,

  • South Korea, and of course, China using a combination

  • of location data, video camera footage,

  • and credit card information to track

  • and contain COVID-19 in their countries.

  • We're prepared, and we're doing a great job with it.

  • It will go away, just stay calm, it will go away.

  • The U.S. has lagged behind,

  • but Google and Apple are feverishly building

  • a contact tracing platform,

  • scheduled for release in mid-May.

  • It will enable the use of Bluetooth technology

  • to help governments and health agencies

  • reduce the spread of the virus by tracing people

  • who have come into close contact with COVID-19.

  • But how exactly this information will be used in the future

  • and with whom is an open question.

  • Well, we're kind of at this fascinating moment, right,

  • where we don't know exactly what the response

  • is gonna look like.

  • We know that robust contact tracing

  • is gonna be a huge part of re-opening the economy,

  • and we know that we have to balance that

  • with privacy concerns, somehow, but we don't know

  • exactly what the balance is gonna look like.

  • And I leave it up to the epidemiologists to say

  • whether you need to be as repressive as China

  • or if there are ways to protect privacy.

  • We might not have a ton of time to debate it.

  • And that's kind of the problem.

  • There are currently few legal protections

  • from data misuse or abuse, and while some states

  • do have some laws in place,

  • progress on this front has been halted.

  • There was some privacy momentum in Congress

  • before the pandemic hit,

  • and that's been destroyed for obvious reasons.

  • California passed a privacy law a couple of years ago,

  • and there's been a lot of work

  • to try to improve it as it goes into effect this year.

  • A bunch of other states have been considering

  • privacy legislation as well,

  • like Washington State and New York,

  • and then covid comes and a lot of the states legislatures

  • have just pretty much shut down.

  • Now before you envision a Black Mirror episode

  • for your personal future, you should know

  • that as of now, involvement will be voluntary.

  • The data it collects is to be anonymized,

  • and there will be no central server

  • where the data is stored, so governments or corporations

  • can't directly grab all this private data

  • for its own purposes, but that could easily change.

  • There's nothing really to stop them

  • from having a centralized database.

  • It's only the restraint of our expectations.

  • If our expectations were to become overturned

  • and again shift tremendously over to safety,

  • it could become a lot more Orwellian a lot quicker.

  • There's many scenarios

  • that could be quite troubling.

  • For example...

  • Your information could be given to insurance companies,

  • and it could be used as a pre-existing condition

  • that prevents you from getting insurance

  • or as a reason to charge you much higher prices.

  • The information could be sold to data brokers,

  • who could then package it to anyone that they want.

  • The information could end up with your employer,

  • who could use it to make decisions about

  • whether to promote you because of your health.

  • Now, that may sound a little paranoid,

  • but we have good reason to be suspicious.

  • These are entities that already collect

  • enormous amounts of our data in a commercial context,

  • and whose mishandling of data

  • has come under fire in the past.

  • Exhibit A.

  • Cambridge Analytica.

  • Cambridge Analytica.

  • Cambridge Analytica.

  • We just traded away everything there is

  • to know about ourselves for Farmville,

  • and I think that people are starting to realize

  • that wasn't a good trade.

  • In 2016, the big data company Cambridge Analytica

  • took the personal data of millions

  • of Americans from Facebook.

  • They packaged it and sold it so that political groups

  • could then target parts of the population

  • with narrow casted messages.

  • People were sharing information with friends,

  • and they weren't necessarily expecting that data

  • to be shared by a company like Cambridge Analytica

  • that was making use of it to build political profiles,

  • and then serve specific advertisements or propaganda.

  • Cambridge Analytica really captures

  • the dilemma of privacy, which is how data collected

  • for one reason, with certain expectations,

  • is used for another reason.

  • We have been giving away all of our

  • most private information to companies

  • that have then sold it on and created

  • what is now a multi-trillion dollar a year industry.

  • This was business as usual

  • as far as Facebook developers went.

  • This scandal resulted

  • in the Federal Trade Commission's fining

  • of Facebook for five billion dollars,

  • as well as a general push for broader privacy laws.

  • We didn't take a broad enough view of our responsibility,

  • and that was a big mistake,

  • and it was my mistake, and I'm sorry.

  • What you're seeing is a greater bipartisan concern

  • about the power of these data-opolies

  • and how do we rein them in.

  • So how do we know this

  • isn't gonna happen this time?

  • The answer comes back to those privacy protection laws

  • that have been put on hold because of the pandemic.

  • If there had been a national privacy law enacted

  • before the pandemic hit us, we probably would've been

  • in a better position to respond to it with data.

  • But even if there was a national

  • privacy law in place, contact tracing is actually pointless

  • if we don't have widespread testing

  • to go along with it, which we don't.

  • So what is this about?

  • Is this a smokescreen for collecting a lot of data?

  • Is the data truly gonna stay anonymized or aggregated?

  • The pandemic is showing why a general privacy law

  • is so important, because there's so much confusion

  • around data collection,

  • concern that there will be overreach,

  • and lack of rules about how the information

  • could be reused for other purposes.

  • Laws are going to be needed

  • to stem a lot of this corporate data collection,

  • and I think you're only going to see those efforts continue.

  • Short-term, I think they may be delayed because of covid,

  • but I think the fundamental concerns around

  • overly broad corporate collection aren't going away.

  • I don't see some centralized bureaucracy

  • that will then be shared with the police and the IRS

  • and your future employer

  • and your future insurer, at least not right now.

  • I think it is worth noting that

  • some of those things aren't forbidden.

This is such a vast spider web of contacts.

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B1 中級

コンタクトトレースには未知のプライバシーリスクがある (Contact Tracing Has an Unknown Privacy Risk)

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    林宜悉 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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