There's a guy (always seems to be a guy) talking to the camera about how successful he is.

The production value is low, but there's always some impressive swag on display, like

a Lambo chillin in the garage or an 8 bedroom mansion with an infinity pool.

If you stick with the video, you'll probably hear an inspiring rags-to-riches story with

a hint at some surefire secret to his success.

Now, I'm a licensed financial professional who knows there's no magic pill to becoming

wealthy...but even I found myself wondering: Are these guys for real?

Is this just slick marketing for boilerplate financial advice?

Or is this the old song and dance... of a con-man?

The “Con” in con-man is short for confidence.

In 1849 The New York Herald ran a story about a well-dressed gentleman by the name of

William Thompson.

He would approach a perfect stranger and ask if they had “confidence in him” to trust

their watch to him for the day.

The novelty of the request combined with Williams outward appearance of trustworthiness convinced

dozens to play along.

That was the last most of them ever saw of their watch or Mr. Thompson.

We may think of a “con-man” as being the same thing as a thief or liar.

But in her book “The Confidence Game”, Maria Konnikova explains “The true con doesn't

force us to do anything.

He doesn't steal.

We give.”

In short, they're master manipulators.

And our culture is obsessed with them.

We make movies, podcasts and documentaries about their schemes, like Fyre festival's

Billy McFarland, Elizabeth Holmes of Theranos, and of course Bernie Madoff.

Konnikova explains that.”Transition is the con's greatest ally because transition breeds

uncertainty.”

I guess Littlefinger was right, Chaos really is a ladder!

And in our era of rapid technological innovation and shifting online social norms, the conman's

hunting ground is more fertile than ever and we are ripe for the taking.

Thanks to intensely detailed consumer monitoring (check out our video about companies stalking

you online) it's become easier than ever to pinpoint an audience interested in a certain

topic--for instance, someone who might be curious about investing because they watch

a YouTube show about financial literacy.

Topics like money and real estate are especially promising because they're not widely understood.

And that lack of knowledge--believe it or not--actually makes people LESS cautious.

This is because of something called the

Dunning-Kreuger effect.

Social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger conducted multiple studies where people

were tested on subjects like logic & grammar then asked to rank themselves on how well

they thought they did.

The participants who scored the lowest tended to rank themselves the highest, and the students

with high competence tended to underestimate their performance.

Basically, the less knowledge you have, the more you'll overestimate your abilities.

So if you don't know anything about investing, you're much more likely to believe someone

who tells you you can beat the markets.

That's not to say there aren't any honest-to-goodness golden opportunities out there, but sadly

they are vastly outnumbered.

So how can you tell the difference?

Well, most cons tend to follow a familiar script.

First, the con identifies their potential victim, known as the mark.

Your browser history and tracking cookies on your computer and phone make this very

very easy.

The next step is to befriend them and earn their trust.

That's where the wealthy selfie comes in.

This conveys success, but also approachability.

He's not a slick marketer--just an average bro, like me!

Next they drop a hint about the reason behind their success, usually some secret, easy-to-learn

process that doesn't require any intense training or hard work.

And they're willing to share it with you!

Then they provide social proof of their authenticity, like hyperbolic testimonials or numbers of

followers on Twitter and Instagram.

Money finally changes hands.

This might take the form of a special introductory offer or easy minimum commitment.

Which the mark is usually all too eager to take part in, thinking that big profits are

just on the horizon.

Finally, we reach the sad conclusion.

The money's gone and the hoped-for profits never materialized.

If executed by a master, the mark won't even complain, blaming his own bad luck or

lack of faith rather than the guy who took him for a ride.

In this day and age, it's not likely that you hand over your money and get absolutely

nothing, unless you're trying to help out a Nigerian prince.

But often the actual product or program you get is sub-par, hard to execute or just boilerplate

pump-you-up self help advice designed to boost your confidence.

All while maintaining the impression that the pot of gold is just around the corner,

to keep you moving through their highly curated sales funnel into more and more expensive

offerings.

Now, is that a con?

Depends on who you ask!

But consider this, how much time, money, and energy are going into the sales pitch, as

compared to the product or service itself?

Just because the video looks cheap doesn't mean they didn't spend gobs of money plastering

it everywhere.

And does buying the initial product seem to open you up to increasingly expensive programs?

Those are all major red flags that you're being sold an empty promise.

If you're realizing you've fallen for something like this in the past, don't feel

bad.

The fact that we're all a little gullible is actually a positive thing.

As Konnikova explains “The simple truth is that most people aren't out to get you...Trust...

not adeptness at spotting deception, is the more evolutionary beneficial path.”

And while modern technology might be making new opportunities for con-artists, it's

also never been easier for you to uncover them.

So do your research and ask yourself, if they have all this money, why do they need yours?

And that's our two cents!

Thanks to our patrons for keeping Two Cents financially healthy.

Click the link in the description if you'd like to support us on Patreon.

If you've ever fallen prey to one of these schemes what are some other red flags to look out for?

Share them with us in the comments.