Yes, I'm sleeping.

People can hear us.

And if you can't, I'm sure you'll let us know very shortly.

My name's Brady Harun, and I'm like periodic videos and 60 symbols, But you don't need to see me.

No doubt you're probably here to make some of these professors.

And we have here Professor Ed Copeland.

Hello, Professor Martin.

Will you go?

I, Professor Might Marrufo.

Professor Moriarty A little.

And I'm gonna I'm gonna go back there alone on the other side of the camera.

Now, we're hoping that you're gonna start sending in some question.

We're hoping you'll start sending in some questions, but I'm also gonna ask a few on your behalf that have been sent in earlier, and I'll start off with probably the most obvious one.

And I'll ask the professor's toe answer for a minute or two, perhaps from left to rot, starting with Ed.

And that is, can you tell us who you are and a little bit about what you're doing a little bit about your research?

Because I think a lot of people see you in these videos and perhaps don't know what your specialties are and what you really do on a day to day basis.

So please go ahead.

Okay, So I'm at Copeland, dynamic the physics departments on within the physics departments.

I run the particle theory group on DDE.

In that group, I work mainly on the other universe, trying to understand how on the world of particle physics links into cosmologies.

So I look at the primordial fluctuations this arise in the very earliest moments of the universe, and then try and determine this signatures that they would leave in things like the cosmic microwave background, the remnant radiation of the Big Bang, and from that trying constrained physics of the universe by using physics of the leg with us.

So that's why I get so much fun.

I'm Martin Polyakov.

I appear on periodic videos.

I'm research professor in green chemistry That is cleaner ways of making chemicals and materials, trying to eliminate this match as possible pollution, trying to make a cz much of the chemicals out of the starting material with this little waste as possible.

And the particular area that I'm interested in is replacing solvents and chemical reactions, and I do this by using high pressure.

Gas is either hi precious you two or high press esteem, which can replace the orders toxic solvents that used in many chemical reactions.

So my work is on the borders of chemistry and chemical engineering.

Hello, I'm Michael Murrayfield.

I'm kind of at the opposite end of the scout from Martin that I tend to deal with things that ridiculously low pressures on but very inefficient processes for research.

Point of view.

Astronomer mainly interested in studying the formation of Galaxies.

There's lots of ways to study in the formation of Galaxies, and I kind of take the archaeological of broke story of looking at relatively nearby Galaxies and trying to figure out why they ended up looking the way they are, how they ended up people together in the way they are to try and unravel the processes through which the system okay, so back gets made.

A certain trust are closer to to Martin's in that what I do is nanoscience.

That number seems really represents a convergence physics and chemistry.

When you're working on state of molecules single Athens, it's very difficult to disentangle where they're executing physics, chemistry, some sort of mixture.

Where I'm really folks at the moment is work in ultrahigh vacuum very, very little pressure so sure that I would like but also at five degrees above absolute space on dhe, trying to measure the forces between individual atoms and individual molecules, particularly what we're working on at the moment.

It's trying to detect the force youto hydrogen bonding, manipulating atoms by which I mean picking up or translating mater atoms very in a very, very deterministic and precise where would come under computer control.

Ultimately, what I'd like to do is to be able to tell a computer I would like to build a particular structure, which is turn atoms wide, turn out inside my turn up unstable particular atoms, a different places with him, not on the complete computer control.

Martin would look, implement this chemistry, I guess.

All right, then, thank you very much.

I don't know whether many people are listening to us is yet, but I'll try to find that out shortly.

We could be having problems, and I wouldn't even know about it.

Another question that I've been asked a bit about is before we talk a bit more science.

A lot of people have asked about making the videos on the videos you've been involved in, and I know it's just a tiny fraction of what you doing your job.

But a lot of people have asked, hasn't made much of an impact on you.

Has it changed your job match or has much come about because of it?

So perhaps in the same order, could you tell us about your experience of making making these videos?

Sure, it's I love making the videos.

I yes, it's had a big impact on me.

It's something change the way I think about explaining things, and it's made me made me cause to try and avoid getting too technical because I know bread.

You'll shouts at me on DDE this.

I tried to stop using too many numbers and equations because I know I'll get slapped down for that.

That's actually quite usefully.

It really makes you think about what you're saying and think about the science, and it's have a lot of its handsome, quite a large impact in terms of people watching them and coming up to us after after the videos and saying that must have enjoyed them.

So I've instantly changed the way I've been thinking about science, at least when it comes to explaining it to the public.

I think it's made a lot of difference to me as well, partly because I have explained all sorts of things that they would never thought about having to describe a the chemistry of the statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro.

A.

Ll trying to think of something chemical to say about Sydney Opera House Onda.

At the same time, it has made me meet through the Internet.

All sorts of people chemist all over the world have written to me, asked me for advice and also, I suppose, because of my family hair, you can see I have better than these guys that I'm stopped quite a lot in the street all over the place or on trains and someone.

So I really quite strange that people come up to me and say, I really enjoyed your video's complete strangers and we certainly have something in common.

Yes, I mean, the first thing to say is that somebody enjoyed doing it challenging, entertaining, interesting try and come up with ways to explain.

It's a science.

It also means, you know, I mean, with tax funded scientists, right?

We're actually paid by the taxes of the people in this country.

And so you kind of feel that you actually have some sort of obligation not just to sit away, actually do research actually, to explain it and to explain some of the excitement about science.

You are doing some of the scientists science that your colleagues going around you, And it's actually hard to do that in a way that reaches more than a dozen people at once.

So this is a way of really paying back some of what we've been able to do.

I actually help explain the science with you.

So it's, you know, it's a really enjoyable thing, but actually something that obligations all workers.

I suggest that I don't enjoy doing it, but it is something that I feel I really should be doing.

This well is enjoying it.

Yeah, totally second that I guess one of the really nice aspects of it from a apart from working the Brady, even though it does tell me very many occasions that was absolutely terrible.

Thing again is thank you get e mails from people on the other side of the world, you say, you know, given open physics that never thought about doing physics.

I know I got a renewed interest or students who really happens again consider doing physics and then email to say that when I'm majoring in physics and that's that's just brilliant.

On Martin's point about meeting up with, um, something strange people here in there put generally, it's it's, um it's it's it's a great pleasure.

I was coming back not so long ago from Dublin and somebody came up and I have my family with me.

Andi, somebody come up and set up senior videos and 60 symbol.

So I went up.

One notch is in the estimation of my Children.

I think the other thing, which is quite nice, is this.

It's in the four years since I started making these videos, there'd be a number of occasions when I had really quite sad experiences with some my friends or close people close to me died, and I make video spent them on.

The sympathy from the viewers who watch these videos has been really very comforting to me, and so I feel the same part of the global community in a way I've never felt before.

If we can go back a little bit to your science and your research, this was another thing.

There were a few questions about So, uh, I think it's worth worth asking more questions about it.

Um, we talk about your research a bit in the videos, but quite often you talk about things that are away from your core research.

People have asked for you to talk a bit more.

Are there any topics that we haven't covered in your particular fields?

So Galaxies for Mike or the particle physics for red or green chemistry for Martin, Are there any areas that we haven't covered yet in the videos that really excite you?

That they're the things you're really into at the moment cause people would like to hear the things that really get your juices flowing.

And can you tell us a bit about that and maybe give us a preview as to what might be the future video of that than then?

So I go, You got it s o the I suppose the, um there are two things at the moment when we have done a video on to introduce, but I think we need probably to do a follow up, and that's the FAM, for which, But I'll tell you about something else rather than that.

And that's I work on cosmic strings.

These are maybe hypothetical objects, maybe the hour there that formed in the universe in a phase transition on there, like the analog off dislocations that you might get.

When ice freezes from water and you get cracks in the ice, or when you you've iron forms a solid, then you can get you can get lying's in the island.

These are fault lines on this, the analogous think conforming the barrier of the universe.

And they're very massive, extremely thin on, because that's the message that can attract massive around them.

On in particular when light from the early universe passes by them, the light gets bent and leaves a distinctive pattern in the what's known as the microwave background on.

By searching by doing calculations best on these strings, you can then make a prediction as to what this pattern in the microwave background should look like.

On.

There's a satellite out there at the moment, looking at the microwave background, looking for fluctuations in the temperature of this background, very small fluctuations on.

By determining those fluctuations, you we might be able to find the signature of these objects.

And not if they're there, that this is the plank satellite that should be releasing its day to next year.

And if they're there, then it will be the first evidence off the very early phase transitions leading to these political top political defects that these strings on dhe You can link these strings to string theory, which is often comes under criticism for being a theory that never predicts anything, and we actually have a prediction as to what signature might find it.

So we're quite excited waiting for the data to come from plank to see whether it shows any evidence of these objects can't miss deal with rather more specific problems.

So there's so many molecules, one could make figures forever and ever.

And there's always really exciting about the particular molecule that you're working on today on, and my research room has students working on all sorts of different reactions, and I'd like to make it is at the mall But one of the reactions that we are working on at the moment is reactions of so called single it oxygen.

Oxygen oh too has, somewhat surprisingly, has to impaired electrons on dhe.

This is what makes it magnetic.

You consider now video, but also, But if you're saying light on oxygen in the presence of catalysts, you can cause these two electrons to pair, and then the real ox oxygen becomes very much more reactive.

It will react when molecules which normally it won't react unless you heat to very high temperature.

And so we're doing a whole series of experiments on single it oxygen making molecules in a clean away than they're being made at moments.

And I hope we'll have some videos on that suit.

And the other thing that I'm really excited about is that we're just about to start building a new chemistry building here in Nottingham, which is going to be completely carbon neutral.

It's gonna use much less energy than ordinary chemistry labs and could be enormously important for chemistry labs all over the world, and we're going to tell you about it and let you watch the project as it goes, a lot.

Okay, so, uh, research wise, I guess the thing that's exciting me most of the moment.

And I hope to convince Brady a few videos about he's looking at, Oh, astronomers study the spectra of Galaxies quite a lot.

And there's two things you could learn from the spectra of Galaxies.

Money is how the stars moving in the galaxy by Dr Shift in the Light on the other is you can figure out what the Galaxies made off from the strength of the various auction lines you see in the spectrum.

It tells you which elements or relative proportions.

One of things that astronomers both I'm not really done before is do both of these things at the same time.

So we're actually trying to study both the motions of the stars and so sort of tagging, you know, where there are some that have particular chemical properties that may be doing different things.

So on the research side, that's what most excites me.

The other thing that's exercising me in terms of making a video comes out of the comments actually, from from the one of several of the previous videos, which is people are getting very exercise about speed of life on whether photons really always travel in speed of light or not.

Andi, I'm still kind of getting my head around that one and talking to various colleagues who know more about it.

And I didn't try and really kind of consequence with what it is, you know, whether whether a light will you waste was it to be, like with if he doesn't slow down when you go through withdrawal last forever.

So I hope to make a video about that in the very near future.

Yeah, I'll second.

That might cause, you know, so in terms of refraction and away from what, Cole research, that's really wanna be very interested in the nose.

Yeah, It's totally to speak lighter.

You're crossing your arms.

I think you're cold.

You're cold.

Is free video.

You should know that in the UK were very energy.

Contracts are always cold.

I mean, only wear think sweaters.

Yes.

I'm wearing a tire.

Your owner?

Yes.

So, in terms of research, what I'd really like to focus on again, it's the backbone of this country.