Name: なぜ女性に自己免疫疾患が多いのか？ (Why Do Women Have More Autoimmune Conditions?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:30:09.000Z
Duration: 15 min 52 s
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shoving our faces full of Doritos or whatever,

they're recognizing pathogens and other things that don't belong,

and make it harder for them to invade again—

all while leaving our cells and the microbes that help us alone.

Basically, our immune systems are like really good bouncers

for the happening clubs that are our bodies.

Sometimes, a body's immune system mistakenly decides

80 autoimmune conditions defined by doctors.

These include a slew of well-known conditions like lupus,

rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis,

They tend to be chronic and are often debilitating.

they're a leading cause of death and disability worldwide—

it's estimated that from three to ten percent of people

have an autoimmune condition at some point.

But if you were to put all of the people with autoimmune conditions in one room,

A whopping 75% of U.S. cases of autoimmunity

and rates are similar in other countries.

This gender bias of autoimmunity is considered one of the great mysteries of medicine.

And it's one that researchers are fervently trying to solve,

because it could reveal new ways of treating these usually incurable and often devastating

Now, we'd be remiss if we didn't mention that part of the reason—

we don't fully understand these immunological betrayals is cultural.

Conditions that predominantly affect women have been historically understudied,

and studied in sexist ways when researchers have looked at them.

clinicians as a group just haven't taken women as seriously—

But also, early work in the field of immunology

biologist and Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich performed a series of experiments in animals

which found the animals didn't develop antibodies

Those are the Y-shaped proteins your immune system uses to recognize

and neutralize things like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

And if Ehrlich wasn't seeing them, clearly,

autoimmune conditions couldn't be a thing.

He even coined a term based on his results:

which literally means the horror of self-toxicity.

But the thing with Nobel prize winners is that sometimes scientists heed them,

And that's what researchers say happened with horror autotoxicus and the immunology

a British immunologist developed a test that could detect self-targeting

to the surface of a person's red blood cells.

Then there was the discovery of rheumatoid factor—

a type of autoantibody that occurs in rheumatoid arthritis

these findings piled up until finally, in 1964,

the global immunology community rang in their acceptance of autoimmunity

as an actual thing with an international conference.

Research into autoimmunity in the decades since has come a long way.

But the mystery of why these conditions are so much more prevalent in women remains.

not just people with two X chromosomes or a uterus and ovaries.

It's true that the bulk of autoimmune research

has been conducted on people whose sex assigned at birth matches their gender identity.

But it's also been shown that some autoimmune conditions are more common

Often, these conditions are associated with medical transitioning,

And some occur at higher rates in people with what are sometimes called

differences of sex development or intersex traits—

where parts of their biology like their chromosomes or genitals

diverge from the typical definitions of male and female.

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なぜ女性に自己免疫疾患が多いのか？ (Why Do Women Have More Autoimmune Conditions?)

ultimately

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