Maybe six or seven months ago, we had to keep the results of those experiences to keep the video really secret.

Until now, Onda another got the page proofs in my hand.

We can go ahead and show you that that work.

So what we see are its individual blob.

Here is a single silicon atom.

These atoms form little pears called timers, which are a little too Adam Units.

We're gonna bring a tip in, and we're gonna move one of those atoms, change the bond angle and flip it.

So what we basically have is the smallest possible toggles, which you can have.

This is this is all happening in here in an ultrahigh vacuum system.

The pressure in there is tree by 10 to the minus 11.

Millie Bar 14 Orders of magnitude below atmospheric pressure on dhe roughly onda the temperature of 4.7 k.

So it's it's happening actually in in in here the atom that was once here, the atom that was down.

What we've done is we've brought the tip and we've pulled out up.

So it's it's jumped up underneath the tip and suddenly appears of things.

New position.

Why is this impressive?

It's impressive because we are not only manipulating individual atoms were on measuring the force required to do so.

It's impressive.

Well, I think it's impressive in that.

What?

We've basically got its work pushing on the smallest possible switch you can have.

So the very first time this experiment work the very first time we actually flipped and Adam happened at O 22 tree in the morning on the 13 to January.

So quite some time ago.

So we've been doing this experiment, and Adam in particular, has been spending a lot of time in the lab, but nights and mornings.

So what you're looking at is the first time it actually worked where this we saw this chance and this change we're expecting so lots and lots of attempts.

Nothing happening.

Nothing happened.

Going all the way back.

Something's happening.

You're not quite what we wanted to put all the way back lots and lots of experiments, lots of knots a time, trying to do this story.

And then suddenly it worked.

And so we asked, Flipped andan.

Explain this tip that you used to flick the switch to have individual atoms tell me about how big that is.

So that tip is a right at the end.

We wanted terminated with a single atom, and in fact, we spend a lot of our experiments trying to get the tip to that point.

In fact, the majority of our time is not doing the really exciting, interesting stuff like this.

The majority of our time joint of Adam's time in particular, is getting the tip into a state where you've got one single atom sticking at the end.

But what that tip is is basically a piece of tungsten wire.

Buxton Thompson.

While that is etched electric, chemically etch down to a fine point on, then it's attached.

It's literally glued onto a tuning fork.

A tuning fork, actually from a quartz sent opportunity, focus in a quartz watch and every court watching every quarter clock does.

There's a tuning fork that busy that Britt's back and forth enough the timing element.

So with these experiments, what we do is we glue the tip to a tuning fork on the way we can work at the force.

Between the tip on the sample is to look at the frequency of that tuning fork.

Basic here to look at the frequency of one of the the legs off the tuning fork and had that changes way.

Spend very, very many hours.

It goes to the fits and starts.

Sometimes it's it's almost never quite 95 but sometimes is almost 95.

But then, other times like last night, Adam was in here until us.

We actually worked.

They worked until nine o'clock.

We went out for a male Adam, come back at 11 o'clock and work true until six in the morning.

And sometimes we do.

We pulled 24 36 hour shifts, so we're looking again at those rows of silicon atoms.

Eso Here's one row.

Here's another row basically changing the orientation of these diamonds along this role by using the tip to influence each each each diamond.

So we are flipping individual atomic switches.

Basically, it's takes about 1/2 an hour per scan.

So what we have here?

Here's our first image of the surface where what we read, what you really want to focus on is this autumn.

So that Adam is the open one of these little switches.

So we got an autumn here.

We gotta know pattern, which we can see.

But then over here, we've got a down atom that the Lord atom, which we can't see And then what?

We don't have brought the tip in above this atom on.

We've pulled it up.

And then what happens as it looks like that So now we can see the Opa Tum on the downed.

Adam's done that.

So we've got a flip.

We've got a toggle with toggle this switch between those two states and we're on a single out and single chemical bond basis.