Name: 原子炉の中 (Inside a Nuclear Reactor)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:17:16.000Z
Duration: 24 min 15 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

基礎受動態

this episode was made possible by Wicks, and we'll tell you more about them later in the episode.

程度の副詞

Today we're going inside a nuclear reactor, and not just any reactor but the reactor that is used to make the rare isotopes of elements like Vicky, Liam, California the ones that are so important for synthesizing the super heavy elements.

転換語

So this is an old reactor, and the reason why this reactor is here is because a gentleman named Glenn Seaboard, he had a lot of work at Berkeley Labs, and he had a vision of practicing that work on these heavy elements.

And we can look forward with the hope that nuclear energy will become the servant of all men everywhere.

He pushed the Atomic Energy Commission through the fifties, pushed, pushed, pushed and finally, of course, he won the Nobel Prize for chemistry 1951.

You get a little bit of credibility on dhe.

He finally made some progress in the late fifties 1958 and time again is the commission said, Yeah, we want to do this.

We want to build a reactor to produce heavy elements for you to do your chemistry.

And so the commission looked around the country at the time, and at that time in the late fifties, there was a lot happening with nuclear reactors, lot of drawings, lot of designs being put on paper, particularly here in Oak Ridge.

America's atomic city at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, has been open to the public, and even the opening was by atomic energy.

Oh, crates had the only school that was specifically designed for reactor engineering.

It was called the Oak Ridge Reactor Engineering School and this gentleman who's on the wall, Dick Shepperton, has a plaque up here.

He was a student in that school at that time, and he'd come up with a concept.

And the commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission saw this concept and said, And I think this is the one.

Seaborg needed a nuclear reactor with a high neutron flux so that he could get the elements to study Up.

Till then, he had gone to the sites where they had been nuclear tests and looked among the rubble for traces of these elements.

And obviously this is not very environmentally friendly, and there's a limit to the number of nuclear tests that can be done.

And people are not very interested in doing a test just to make some exotic elements.

In 1960 they broke ground on this site, and then they put the reactor building in and put the reactor in, and they were up and running by 1965.

So for the 1st 20 years of operation, we produced these heavy isotope small quantities.

We operated very regularly and we operated often, meaning the total number of days we operated over the year was very, very large of 75%.

Now we operate much, much less about 50% of the year.

We actually operate, and our mission has shifted over the decades.

Now our mission is neutron scattering, condensed matter physics.

Our reactor is actually to the right side of the pool.

Today, I can see the dam is out of the dam is actually moved to the left.

And, uh but the reactor is in the pool on the right kind of you seethe stairway going down.

That stairway goes down to, ah, platform basically grading So we can lower that when we have the damn in place.

We can lower that pool when we can actually walk down there and perform maintenance and repairs in the pool is the reactor vessel were a pressurized reactor.

So we have, ah, very sizable pressure vessel And then the reactor core is actually inside of that vessel.

The vessel itself is, um it's eight feet across.

But the core inside of the reactors where all the action happens.

This reactor is designed to produce neutrons, not to produce power.

It's not trying to make electricity like, say, Chernobyl reactor Waas.

It produces the neutrons at the very high rate and then it burns out quite quickly.

Each reactor core only lasts that its proper operating power about 25 days less than a month.

The reason we pressurize it is to increase the boiling point of water.

So that we can cool without boiling our reactor because we produce an enormous amount of heat along with an enormous amount of neutrons.

What he purified a slightly diminished realized.

There are still some minerals in it, but we do to mineral eyes it water is all for cooling.

We produce a huge number of neutrons in ways that we can explain.

A 1,000,000 billion neutrons 10 to the 15th neutrons.

Every second hit a square centimeter that's just one square centimeter.

It's a huge number of nutrients, so the pool water is separate from the water that's inside the pressure vessel and the pool.

Water remains at about 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

The water inside the vessel starts out at about 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

As it passes down through our reactor core, it raises about 36 degrees Fahrenheit, exits at about 156 degrees Fahrenheit way, way below boiling.

They want to generate steam, but we don't want steam.

Steam would be bad for us we would like our water to be liquid.

It's blue because there's so much metal in there.

We get that question often, but it's pretty, but it's not like there's an additive.

We use fuel plates, but they're arranged in a very strange arrangement for compared to other research reactors, even our fuel is is placed in these plates.

This part in here, which has rods these air not fuel rods, thes air target rods.

So this is the business end of our reactor for making isotopes when we make California to 50 to which you may have learned about next door or Berkeley, um, to 49 way Make it in here in the fox trap.

The main point of the reactor is that have a tube in the middle in which you put your samples in fairly long, thin, essentially metal test tubes to be radiated and neutrons were important because these heavy elements could be formed by bombarding lighter elements with neutrons.

But inside of these fuel plates is uranium.

So we have, uh, you We use you 308 which is uranium oxide.

And, uh, it's sandwiched in between two aluminum plates.

So we basically protect the uranium, but allow it to cool or effectively by having these very small channels to force the water through.

And that's why we raised temperature from 1 20 to 1 56 it all All that heat transfer happens through these plates, so the plates themselves are about 24 inches, but we call the fuel meat.

Talk about 20 inches of fuel meat, and, uh, and the rest is aluminum.

Our fuel, actually, the uranium comes from the Y 12 national security complex, and we get our uranium for free.

However, the free part is metal chunks, and we can't use metal chunks in our fuel.

So we have to pay to have our uranium converted to you 308 oxide.

They converted to an oxide, and then our fuel is actually fabricated at B W X T Technologies, which is in Lynchburg, Virginia.

They are the ones that take that you 308 and they blend it with aluminum powder, and they form these compacts.

Basically the U three wait and the aluminum are blended together.

These compacts are then put into this aluminum picture frame.

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原子炉の中 (Inside a Nuclear Reactor)

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