Name: 致命的なストリキニン - 動画の周期律表 (Deadly Strychnine - Periodic Table of Videos)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:16:57.000Z
Duration: 11 min 24 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

I said they were gonna a little bit about this molecule here.

様態の副詞

This crazy, complex looking piece of molecular architecture, which is called strengthening, which, no doubt you probably will have heard Officer, a well known poison these days.

基礎受動態

It's used for killing wraps, but in the past it was a medicinal compound, especially in the Victorian area, So that point in time it was used for all sorts of ailments, like headaches.

It was one of the very first athletic performance enhancers.

And, of course, it's a poisonous, really no useful in any of these respects whatsoever.

It comes from the seeds of a tree in the Philippines on dhe.

Over hundreds of years, the Filipinos had used the extract of this bean as they called the seed, to treat various elements, so it was sort of herbal type of medicine.

It works on the nervous system, so I'll give you a bit of a tingle, obviously, in high doses or actually not that high doses very severe effects on you.

But if it's something, you take something in tracks, everybody get bit of a tingle, and perhaps you feel it like it's doing good rather than harm.

So in small quantities it was used for centuries.

But actually, it's it's got no real beneficial effect, a za medicine and indeed, you know, famously it's being used in all sorts of murder mystery cases.

I have just one story about strengthening, but I really like it.

Just before I started as a PhD student, a Brazilian professor visiting the chemistry department took some strengthening out to the store because he wanted to poison his wife.

But being a professor, he was a bit absent minded, and he mislaid the straightening.

He got really worried that somebody might get poisoned other than his wife.

So he went to the police and admitted everything.

And then the strict mean was found in his jacket pocket, hanging in his wardrobe, so his wife was safe.

One of the founders of Stanford University was poisoned by strictly murdered by straightening, and her last words were that this is the most horrible and painful death and fiction.

I get Christie 34 novels of hers had strict coming in in the Grand Budapest hotel it's in.

Deaths are murders through the use of strict mean luckily, So this is given to us by signaled rich for the use in the periodic videos.

It is about a gram in here, and it takes about 10 to 50 milligrams.

This tree gives beautiful white flowers very fragrant smelling, but presuming it's in there to stop animals from eating seeds, you know the animal takes ah, bite of it and doesn't finish its meal.

Like many of the campaigns I talk about, it works on the nervous system means that you or your muscles got control and you know you die of asphyxiation of not being out of breath because the lungs aren't working properly.

Imagine it is Ah Siri's of electrical cables with junction boxes in between and the ends.

He got sensors on DDE muscles at the other end, so sensors build up using irons, a concentration of a positive charge, using generally sodium potassium calcium mines that then fires intellectual charge down the the cable to the other end and then counsel mines, allowing the release of neurotransmitters to go and tell the muscle or brain or whatever is on the other end.

What to do So this interferes of that process at the junction boxes eso.

This inhibits both sodium and chlorine in channels, which is unusual.

Normally, a molecule will interact with just one type of receptor.

So if you ingest something, it'll go obviously into your gut.

Once it's in the gut, it can then pass through the gut to blood Barry, at least be charged to do that.

It then gets into your bloodstream in the bloodstream, then transports it around your body.

This, obviously with the blood, will go to all your muscles on dhe.

Start to interfere with any of your muscular junctions that it comes across.

It's not a very good murder weapon, because it was stay in the body for years, traces off it, so I'd be very easily identifiable.

Just strictly taste like they say it tastes bitter and on strengthening.

This is tertiary a mean here this this blue on anything with tertiary aiming always taste incredibly bitter.

Love insects have thes Toshi alien molecules on back so that they taste horrible.

So a bit like licking a brass or copper spoon.

We are really bitter in really not very pleasant.

But also again, not not the best poison Because you get a taste in your capital.

From the bank, the high security containment system, and just take a little luck.

It's no longer here shows maybe, maybe 100 milligrams.

So that we get just, uh a white hired essentially looks fairly innocuous.

When the majority of chemicals that you were with not toxic maybe it was so cold, harmful, maybe slightly crazy for majority.

So I wouldn't my pitch to students toe of anything.

It's extremely toxic, although we have made of few natural products over the years, which which really quite patient.

But this is quite dangerous substance and not something that the likes of which would normally be working with I look at that.

Such a really unique architectural of these ring systems.

This cavity here, seven members rings, five of murdering six members rings all sorts of different molecular architectural pieces in there.

And for the synthetic chemist, that makes this an absolutely outstanding challenge.

This is the Everest, if you like, of the total synthesis type of world, so is isolated.

But the French chemists in 18 18 So nearly 200 years ago on it was about 120 years later, by the time chemists had figured finally figured out what unearth structure Waas because it's just so complex.

So there are over 102 150 papers attempting to find out what the structure of strict Ning Waas and eventually, in 1947 two chemists Robert Robinson, who's later became Sir Robert Robinson at Oxford University.

He proposed the correct structure on dhe looks.

Robinson was very famous in his day, and this is a culmination of two decades worth of work in his laboratories.

Seven years later, Robert Burns Wood Wood was the first group to synthesize it, Robinson had said for its molecular slides, it's the most complex molecule ever known, since Woodward's original census has Bean 17.

Further since he's so 1950 four's the first census has around 28 synthetic steps.

It was they're starting from tens of kilos in getting milligrams out.

0006% yield, which is a very small amount on dhe.

28 steps, actually is for the complexity of this molecule is still quite competitive.

The next census was carried out in 1992 so many years later by Philip Magnus.

But he got up 2.3% yield considerably more efficient, about 1000 times more efficient but still very low yield.

In each case, all of these people were developing a new type of bombs connection connecting reaction, and they're putting that into operation.

So Magnus, in in his census, is making this bond in this bond in the key step.

Woodward had used, obviously, that the synthetic chemistry of the day and in 40 years have passed by the time Magnus came to doing it in 1994 was the next insists on that one and went up to 3% yield using Larry over Mons chemistry.

These RL, you know, incredibly eases the rock stars of the organic chemistry world that are coming to play here.

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致命的なストリキニン - 動画の周期律表 (Deadly Strychnine - Periodic Table of Videos)

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