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  • So this is the Sr. Latch which I've talked about in a previous video

  • And I encourage going back and looking at that video if you're unfamiliar with it, but basically

  • the latch has two inputs are for reset and then s for set and

  • when the reset is

  • goes high then the output Q goes off is reach that reset and

  • then when the set pin goes high then the

  • Output Q goes on and then there's also an inverted Q which is always the opposite of q except for one case where if both?

  • Reset and set inputs are [high] then both of these go off and that's generally considered an invalid

  • setting this you shouldn't be both setting it and resetting it at the same time and in fact if I

  • Then release both of these it's kind of arbitrary which one comes on because whichever one of these I'm releasing first kind of wins

  • But generally yeah, the latch is going to latch in one of these two states

  • So in this video what I want to do is talk about some modifications to this to this simple, Sr

  • Latch circuit, so the first thing I look at is that Sr. Latch with and enable, so this is the the basic, Sr

  • Latch that we just saw

  • but now we've got on both of the inputs we have these and gates that are connected to an enable signal and

  • basically what that does is if this enable signal is is high if it's a 1

  • Then these [an] gates pass through whatever the other input is, so this is a 1 and

  • Reset is 1 then

  • It passes through a 1 if is the 1 resets a zero it passes through a 0 if the enable is 0 then

  • The output is always going to be zero and so [the] latch if enable is 0 the latch always stays latched in its last [state]

  • and so this just gives us a way to

  • enable the latch in which case

  • It's going to pay attention [to] its it's two inputs or

  • Disable it in which case

  • It just stays latched regardless of what happens to these inputs so it's just a slight modification of the basic Sr. Latch

  • We could take this a step further and turn this into a flip-flop and the difference between the Sr. Latch and the Sr

  • Flip-flop is

  • And in general the difference between a latch and a flip-flop is that a latch the outputs will change whenever the inputs change

  • With a flip-flop the outputs are only going to change when there's a clock pulse

  • and so flip-flops always going to have some sort of clock input and in the

  • Diagram for it the clock has indicated by this little triangle signal here

  • And so then whenever the clock pulse comes in or specifically when the clock transitions from low to high in this case

  • Then the outputs will change and only only at that transition point

  • Will the outputs change based on whatever the inputs are at that point the rest of the time?

  • It doesn't matter what's going on with the inputs and so the way [that] works is

  • we have this clock pulse coming in and it's

  • You know when it transitions from low to high when those voltage changes here

  • You're going to get some current flowing through this capacitor as the capacitor charges and so over here. You're going to see the voltage

  • Go up as soon as this transition takes place

  • but then once the capacitor charges

  • That voltage will drop current will stop flowing

  • Once the capacitor is fully charged and so this clock pulse no matter how long this this clock pulse is is

  • Going to essentially show up over here [on] the inputs these [an] gates as this

  • Really quick pulse just at the point where that rising edge happens and so that very quick pulse is used to

  • essentially enable if we if we think of what we saw before the Sr latch

  • With the enable it is essentially what's happening over here and so that [Sr]

  • Latch with enable is is only enabled just [at] that moment where the clock rising edge?

  • happens and

  • So that has the effect of it working like an Sr. Flip-flop

  • [so] when the clock rising edge happens then it looks at the [RnS]

  • just at that moment where the clock rising edges and if

  • Reset is is enabled and [set] is not then it resets the output goes to zero and the compliment of the output goes to 1

  • if the clock rising edge happens and at that moment

  • The set input is it is active and the reset is not active then the output q

  • turns on and the complement of Q it goes off and

  • Then if there's a clock rising edge and both the reset and set inputs are 0 then

  • It just stays in the last state it stays you know latched like a normally would

  • [and] in any other case [no] matter if the clock is not

  • If there's not over izing edge of the clock if the clock is doing anything else

  • then it doesn't matter what the set and reset is is doing the

  • Flip-flop stays in its last state now. There's one interesting case here. Which is where?

  • If you have a clock rising edge and reset and set are both active remember

  • This is that invalid state, so if reset and set are both active

  • [you] know we saw before

  • With just the Sr. Latch if both inputs are active you see

  • Both Q and the Q complement go off and so you [might] expect [that] right Q and Q complement go off?

  • but the reality is [that] when we release both of these a latch does settle down in some state and

  • That's actually going to happen here to one of these two inputs is going to is going to you know be

  • Slightly ahead of the others and the Sr

  • Flip-flop is going to settle down into some state so we really aren't actually going to have this

  • output case where both Q and Q invert

  • are both 0 so I mean that's invalid right because you would you would you would assume that the

  • Inverse of Q would be the inverse of q [you] would not expect it to be the same thing and in fact that that's true

  • And the problem is with this this situation where you have both a set and a reset when you have a clock pulse

  • It will settle down into the some state, but we don't know what it is. So really

  • These are both kind of unknown. What will happen, so this is

  • again kind of an invalid situation or we don't really know what's going [to] happen here because it just

  • Depends which which of these is is a few nanoseconds faster, you know?

  • It really it's unpredictable

  • There is something we can do to make that a little bit more predictable, and that is the Jk Flip-flop

  • And so the Jk Flip-flop is very similar to the Sr. Flip-flop

  • Except that it has this feedback coming from the outputs, and so it has these three input and gates over here

  • And it's looking at the current state of the output Q and and Q inverse in determining

  • What's going to happen on the input and as far as I know?

  • You know Jk. Is just kind of an arbitrary set of letters. It doesn't doesn't mean anything

  • But I guess this is different enough from an Sr. Flip-flop that they gave it a different [name]

  • But anyway, if we if we walk through what's going to happen here?

  • You'll see it's [very] similar

  • so if J and K are both 0 then

  • It doesn't matter what else is going on the output of these and gates are both 0 and so we have this the same

  • situation where

  • You know even if we get a clock pulse?

  • [we're] going to stay in the last state

  • but now let's imagine a case where the latch is currently set so q is 1 inverse of Q will be 0

  • and we want to reset it, so if q is 1

  • Then this is going to be 1 and

  • If we want to reset it then we're going to set K to 1 so this input will be 1 because you

  • [know] the current output is 1 it's currently set

  • K will be 1 if we want to reset it

  • and then when we get our clock pulse this and gate will turn on and this will be our reset signal and

  • That will reset the latch and turn q off and then of [course] the inverse q on and so that's this this scenario here where?

  • J is 0 K is 1 to reset it and then we get our clock pulse, and so you see Q goes goes low

  • We reset the latch, but what if the latch was already reset so the latch was already reset then q is already low

  • and

  • we set k high and

  • Basically this this stays off and of course J is also

  • Low, so this stays off, so we have both zeros and so we stay in the last state

  • But that's ok right because if we wanted to reset it, we're setting k high to reset it

  • And it was already reset then it's fine to leave in the last date right where it was already reset

  • And we want to reset it

  • Leave it in the last state so that that works fine

  • [and] same thing in the in the opposite case, so if if it's currently reset

  • So q is low and inverse q is high then [that] means this is high and so if it's currently reset

  • And we want to set it with a J

  • then

  • both of these inputs will be high and then when we get our clock pulse this input will go high or this output of the

  • And gate will go high and we'll reset the latch

  • So you can see in these cases. It works basically the same way as the Sr

  • Flip-flop, and it's just that we have the inputs are called J and K instead of instead of snr

  • So where the Jk Flip-flop gets interesting is if both and Kr1?

  • Because in that case because you've got these these this feedback here J and K [are] both one

  • but these these these other two signals these feedback are not going to be both one right because

  • Either one of either q or not q is going to be high at any point in time

  • you're not going to have both of them high right, so if q is high

  • Then this lower [en]. Gate will [be] active and the top one will be off, right?

  • even if J and K are both one if

  • Inverse of Q is active then the top and gate would be on and the bottom one would be off

  • So what this does is it means if the latch is currently set then

  • Effectively, what's going to happen is this lower n. Gate is going to come on in the [latch] [full] reset at the next clock pulse

  • Whereas if the klatch is currently reset

  • Then the top and gate would be on and the latch would current would then set at the next clock pulse me assuming J

  • And k are both or both one and so that gives you this very interesting state where instead of getting some

  • Invalid or unpredictable output you get this very predictable output. Which is it'll just toggle

  • So if Q was zero, it'll switch to one if Q was one it'll switch to zero

  • And as you'll see that's a very interesting property

So this is the Sr. Latch which I've talked about in a previous video

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JKフリップフロップ (JK flip-flop)

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    林宜悉 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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