Name: 3.3.基礎フロイト (3. Foundations: Freud)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:53:29.000Z
Duration: 56 min 31 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

The last class we talked about the brain.

Now we're going to talk a little bit about some

foundations. So today and Monday we're going

to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated

Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

And I want to talk about psychoanalysis today and

behaviorism next week. Now, one of these things--One

of the things that makes these theories so interesting is their

talk about in this class--Most of the ideas are narrow.

So, we're going to talk about somebody's idea about racial

prejudice but that's not a theory of language acquisition.

We'll talk about theories of schizophrenia but they're not

Most theories are specialized theories but these two views are

grand theories. They're theories of everything,

encompassing just about everything that matters,

explanations of all of these. Now, this is not a history

describing historical figures in psychology just for the sake of

telling you about the history of the field.

What I want to tell you about though is--I want to talk about

these ideas because so much rests on them and,

even more importantly, a lot of these ideas have

critical influence on how we think about the present.

And that's there. Now, for better or worse,

we live in a world profoundly affected by Sigmund Freud.

If I had to ask you to choose a--no, name a famous

psychologist, the answer of most of you would

psychologist ever and he's had a profound influence on the

Some biographical information: He was born in the 1850s.

He spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria,

but he died in London and he escaped to London soon after

retreating there at the beginning of World War II as the

He's one of the most famous scholars ever but he's not known

for any single discovery. Instead, he's known for the

development of an encompassing theory of mind,

one that he developed over the span of many decades.

He was in his time extremely well known, a celebrity

recognized on the street, and throughout his life.

He was a man of extraordinary energy and productivity,

in part because he was a very serious cocaine addict,

but also just in general. He was just a high-energy sort

in medicine and in literature; didn't get either one of them;

didn't get the prize in medicine because Albert

Einstein--Everybody loves Albert Einstein.

Well, Albert Einstein really wrote a letter because they

asked for opinions of other Nobel Prizes.

He wrote a letter saying, "Don't give the prize to Freud.

acclaimed as a profoundly important intellectual figure,

he's also the object of considerable dislike.

This is in part because of his character.

He was deeply ambitious to the cause of promoting

psychoanalysis, to the cause of presenting his

view and defending it, and he was often dishonest,

extremely brutal to his friends, and terrible to his

enemies. He was an interesting character.

My favorite Freud story was as he was leaving Europe during the

rise of the Nazis, as he was ready to go to

Austria, he had to sign a letter from the Gestapo.

Gestapo agents intercepted him and demanded he sign a letter

saying that at no point had he been threatened or harassed by

the Gestapo. So he signs the letter and then

he writes underneath it, "The Gestapo has not harmed me

in any way. In fact, I highly recommend the

Gestapo to everybody." It's--He had a certain

aggression to him. He was also--He's also

disliked, often hated, because of his views.

He was seen as a sexual renegade out to destroy the

conception of people as good and rational and pure beings.

And when the Nazis rose to power in the 1930s he was

identified as a Jew who was devoted to destroying the most

sacred notions of Christianity and to many,

to some extent, many people see him this way.

And to some extent, this accusation has some truth

What did he say? Well, if you ask somebody who

doesn't like Freud what he said, they'll describe some of the

stupider things he said and, in fact, Freud said a lot of

things, some of which were not very rational.

For instance, he's well known for his account

of phallic symbols, arguing certain architectural

monuments are subconsciously developed as penile

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3.3.基礎フロイト (3. Foundations: Freud)

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