Name: 正義 第5話 雇われ銃 母は売り物 (公正 该如何做是好 第五集 雇枪 出售母亲)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:48:41.000Z
Duration: 55 min 10 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

When we ended last time, we were discussing

Locke's idea of government by consent and the question arose,

程度の副詞

"What are the limits on government that even the agreement

that on Locke's view a democratically elected government

because it does involve the taking of people's property

for the common good but it doesn't require the consent

of each individual at the time the tax is enacted or collected.

What it does require is a prior act of consent

to join the society, to take on the political obligation

but once you take on that obligation, you agree to be bound by the majority.

So much for taxation. But what you may ask,

about the right to life? Can the government conscript people

And what about the idea that we own ourselves?

Isn't the idea of self-possession violated if the government can,

through coercive legislation and enforcement powers, say

"You must go risk your life to fight in Iraq."

Does the government have the right to do that?

"What matters is that the political authority or the military authority

He says "A sergeant, even a sergeant, let alone a general,

a sergeant can command a soldier to go right up to a face of a cannon

where he is almost sure to die, that the sergeant can do.

The general can condemn the soldier to death for deserting his post

or for not obeying even a desperate order.

But with all their power over life and death, what these officers can't do

is take a penny of that soldier's money because that has nothing to do

that would be arbitrary and it would be corrupt."

So consent winds up being very powerful in Locke,

not consent of the individual to the particular tax or military order,

but consent to join the government and to be bound

That's the consent that matters and it matters so powerfully

that even the limited government created by the fact

that we have an unalienable right to life, liberty, and property,

even that limited government is only limited in the sense

that it has to govern by generally applicable laws,

the rule of law, it can't be arbitrary. That's Locke.

Well this raises a question about consent.

Why is consent such a powerful moral instrument

in creating political authority and the obligation to obey?

Today we begin to investigate the question of consent

by looking at a concrete case, the case of military conscription.

Now some people say if we have a fundamental right

that arises from the idea that we own ourselves,

it's a violation of that right for government to conscript citizens

Others say that's a legitimate power of government,

of democratically elected governments, anyhow,

Let's take the case of the United States fighting a war in Iraq.

News accounts tells us that the military is having great difficulty

Consider three policies that the U.S. government

that it's not achieving its recruiting targets.

Solution number one: increase the pay and benefits

to attract a sufficient number of soldiers.

Option number two: shift to a system of military conscription,

have a lottery, and whose ever numbers are drawn,

System number three: outsource, hire what traditionally

have been called mercenaries, people around the world

able to fight well, and who are willing to do it

Maybe a dozen people in the room favor conscription.

During the Civil War, the Union used a combination

of conscription and the market system to fill the ranks of the military

It was a system that began with conscription

but if you were drafted and didn't want to serve,

you could hire a substitute to take your place

You could pay whatever the market required

in order to find a substitute, people ran ads in newspapers,

in the classified ads offering 500 dollars, sometimes 1000 dollars,

for a substitute who would go fight the Civil War

In fact, it's reported that Andrew Carnegie

was drafted and hired a substitute to take his place

than the amount he spent in the year on fancy cigars.

Now I want to get your views about this Civil War system,

call it the hybrid system, conscription but with a buyout provision.

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正義第5話雇われ銃母は売り物 (公正该如何做是好第五集雇枪出售母亲)

child

mother

people

baby

正義 第5話 雇われ銃 母は売り物 (公正 该如何做是好 第五集 雇枪 出售母亲)

child

mother

people

baby

正義第5話雇われ銃母は売り物 (公正该如何做是好第五集雇枪出售母亲)