Some groups just don't get along.​

毎日何十億もの兵士が至る所で戦い

Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war​

1億年以上もそれが続く

Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war​

それがアリの世界大戦だ

on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years.​

アリは 約1.6億年前に誕生して以来

on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years.​

様々な環境に適応して進化したので

The World War of the Ants.​

地球上で優占種となった

The World War of the Ants.​

現在 16000種以上が存在し

Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago,​

個体数は1京を超える

Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago,​

全てのアリを集めると

and took over a wide variety of ecological niches so successfully​

全生物重量の2割を占める

and took over a wide variety of ecological niches so successfully​

成功のカギは

that they became one of the dominant animals on planet Earth.​

人類と同じで「協力」だ

that they became one of the dominant animals on planet Earth.​

個々では弱くとも

Today, they count more than 16,000 different species​

協力すれば 凄い力を発揮できる

Today, they count more than 16,000 different species​

複雑な巣の構築

with over 10 thousand trillion individuals.​

家畜の世話

with over 10 thousand trillion individuals.​

農作業など

Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land.​

自然と共生関係を結んでいる

Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land.​

そしてもちろん

Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration.​

戦争もする

Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration.​

同種であっても

While a single ant is pretty useless,​

争いは日常茶飯事だ

While a single ant is pretty useless,​

小競り合いや

together, they are able to achieve stunning feats.​

襲撃や全面戦争は

together, they are able to achieve stunning feats.​

毎日起こるし

They construct complex colonies,​

死傷者も数百万に上る

They construct complex colonies,​

アリの世界は面白いので 今後も動画で扱うが

care for livestock,​

今回は

care for livestock,​

「軍隊アリ」という

pursue agriculture,​

凶暴なアリを紹介する

pursue agriculture,​

軍隊アリは約200種が存在する

or have complex symbiotic relationships.​

巣は作らず

or have complex symbiotic relationships.​

数百万匹の仲間と共に 遊牧民生活を送る

And, of course, ants wage war.​

ある種は 100mの隊列で狩りを行うので

And, of course, ants wage war.​

遭遇した昆虫・小動物は すぐにバラバラになる

Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common.​

一日の狩りで 最大50万匹の生物が死ぬ

Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common.​

社会性昆虫を狩るのが得意な種も存在し

Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions​

白アリ・スズメバチ・アリなどが標的だ

Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions​

スズメバチは恐ろしい昆虫だ

are happening every day, causing millions of casualties.​

だが巣を攻撃されたら

are happening every day, causing millions of casualties.​

手も足も出ない

Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos.​

アリにも犠牲は出るだろう

Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos.​

だが奴らは大群だ

In this one, the ​​army ant​—a swarm made for war.​

女王バチが生き残っても

In this one, the ​​army ant​—a swarm made for war.​

幼虫は奪われて

The army ant group consists of about 200 different species.​

巣は壊滅する

The army ant group consists of about 200 different species.​

復活の余地はない

Army ants do not build nests; they live a sort-of nomadic lifestyle​

アリの巣を見つけると

Army ants do not build nests; they live a sort-of nomadic lifestyle​

すぐに戦争になる

with groups of millions of individuals.​

互角の戦いに思えるが そうはならない

with groups of millions of individuals.​

群れ単位で動くので

On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long,​

非常に獰猛で圧倒的なのだ

On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long,​

軍隊アリの体長はそれほどだが

killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter.​

多勢に無勢なので

killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter.​

敵はあっという間にやられる

The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day.​

軍隊アリに襲われると

The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day.​

損害は避けられず

Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects​

時には全滅する

Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects​

面白いことに 軍隊アリ同士は争わない

like termites, wasps, and especially other ants.​

広い場所で遭遇すると

like termites, wasps, and especially other ants.​

お互い無視してやり過ごすか

Wasps are fierce, and may seem invulnerable,​

距離を取るのだ

Wasps are fierce, and may seem invulnerable,​

これは進化論で説明がつく

but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies​

軍隊アリ同士で争った種は

but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies​

共倒れになったのだろう

they don't even stand a chance.​

彼らに対抗すべく

they don't even stand a chance.​

他のアリは種の保存に特化した

The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them,​

軍隊アリに気付くと

The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them,​

急いで巣から避難する

but they are quickly overwhelmed.​

可能な限り幼虫を運び

but they are quickly overwhelmed.​

襲撃の後に巣に戻る

Even if their queen survives an attack,​

戦いが苦手なので 籠城するアリもいる

Even if their queen survives an attack,​

働きアリは大きい四角の頭を持ち

the army ants steal the colony's larvae, and quickly devour them.​

軍隊アリが現れると

the army ants steal the colony's larvae, and quickly devour them.​

頭で巣の入り口を塞ぐ

There is no recovery from that.​

敵は諦めざるを得ない

There is no recovery from that.​

だが 軍隊アリを恐れないアリもいる

When army ants discover another ant colony, they immediately attack.​

ハキリアリは 巨大で複雑な社会を形成し

When army ants discover another ant colony, they immediately attack.​

それは人間にも勝る

Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not.​

縦横数メートルに渡る巣を作り

Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not.​

数百万の個体が

Because army ants act as a social unit,​

分業化社会を形成する

Because army ants act as a social unit,​

兵隊アリの体重は 働きアリの百倍だ

they are especially dangerous and effective.​

唯一の使命が

they are especially dangerous and effective.​

軍隊アリから巣を守ること

Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually,​

だが天敵もいる

Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually,​

Nomamyrmex esenbeckiiという種は

but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers​

アリの幼虫を主食とする

but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers​

他の軍隊アリと比べて

before the victim colony can mount an effective defense.​

兵隊アリがより堅牢だ

before the victim colony can mount an effective defense.​

今のところ ハキリアリを倒せるのは この種だけだ

And so, invasions tend to be won by the attackers​

ハキリアリの巣を見つけると

And so, invasions tend to be won by the attackers​

数十万の隊列で攻撃する

and the prey colony is damaged significantly,​

ハキリアリが攻撃を察知すると

and the prey colony is damaged significantly,​

厳戒態勢となり

or is exterminated.​

すぐに兵隊アリが

or is exterminated.​

戦闘地帯にやってくる

Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants.​

前線は 長さ数メートル・厚さ1mにも及ぶ

Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants.​

兵隊アリは敵と1対1で戦い

When two swarms encounter each other in the wild,​

首に噛みついて攻撃する

When two swarms encounter each other in the wild,​

働きアリも敵を掴んで攻撃する

they either pass through each other, ignoring the other swarm,​

前線の後ろからやってきて

they either pass through each other, ignoring the other swarm,​

集団で敵の手足をもいでいく

or both colonies just move away.​

一方 敵も集団で行動し

or both colonies just move away.​

兵隊アリを針で刺し殺す

Which makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint.​

こちらも必死で防衛するが

Which makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint.​

数は敵の方が上だ

Army ants that fought other army ants​

そこで 戦況に関わらず

Army ants that fought other army ants​

最悪の事態に備える

probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago.​

バリケードを急いで作り

probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago.​

入り口を塞いで巣を守るのだ

Indeed, they're so deadly, that other ant species had to specialize​

敵の撃退に失敗するか

Indeed, they're so deadly, that other ant species had to specialize​

十分に入り口を塞げない場合は

to survive their presence.​

敵の大群がやってきて

to survive their presence.​

巣は蹂躙される

Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts​

奥深くまでやってきて

Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts​

幼虫を大量に攫っていく

carrying as many larvae with them as they can,​

仮に巣が生き残っても

carrying as many larvae with them as they can,​

損害は大きい

in order to return and rebuild after the attack.​

どちらが勝っても

in order to return and rebuild after the attack.​

何千匹と犠牲が出る

Other species have invented living bunkers, since fighting is so futile.​

軍隊アリの後には

Other species have invented living bunkers, since fighting is so futile.​

死体しか残らない

They have worker classes that have big square heads.​

だが さらに危険な軍隊アリがいる

They have worker classes that have big square heads.​

巣の大きさは数千平方kmに及び

When army ants show up,​

複数の大陸に生息し

When army ants show up,​

数km先の戦闘にも参加する

they use them to block the entrances to their nests,​

これは別の動画で話そう

they use them to block the entrances to their nests,​

規模に関わらず

so the attackers have to give up after a while.​

争いはアリの生活の一部だ

so the attackers have to give up after a while.​

コロニーの大小はあれども 襲われれば抵抗する

But, not everybody is afraid of army ants.​

そこが熱帯雨林であろうが

But, not everybody is afraid of army ants.​

コンクリートの隙間であろうが

Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies​

もう戦争はしたくないと 人類は心に誓った

Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies​

だがアリの世界では

of any animal other than humans.​

周囲は敵だらけだ

of any animal other than humans.​

いや…

They live in extensive nests, many meters deep and across,​

「仲良く」なれないだけなのかも

They live in extensive nests, many meters deep and across,​

続きを見たい人に朗報！

harboring millions of citizens with a highly-sophisticated division of labor.​

CuriosityStreamの支援の元 現在パート2を制作中です

harboring millions of citizens with a highly-sophisticated division of labor.​

CuriosityStreamは課金制のストリーミングサービス！

Like huge soldiers—100 times more massive than a worker.​

ドキュメンタリーやノンフィクションを 数千タイトル配信中です

Like huge soldiers—100 times more massive than a worker.​

curiositystream.com/kurzgesagtに アクセスしてくれた視聴者には

Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants.​

31日間の無料体験をプレゼント！

Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants.​

「Big World in a Small Garden」が視聴可能です

They still have a nemesis though.​

昆虫の世界に迫る映像をご覧あれ

They still have a nemesis though.​

ホーキング博士やアッテンボロー博士など 有名な方のドキュメンタリーもご用意しております

The diet of the army ant​ ​species ​​Nomamyrmex esenbekii​

ちなみに全てオフラインで再生可

The diet of the army ant​ ​species ​​Nomamyrmex esenbekii​

体験期間終了後は

consists mostly of the larvae of other ants.​

月額2.99ドルで視聴し放題！

consists mostly of the larvae of other ants.​

このサービスを始めたのは ディスカバリーチャンネルの創始者なので

Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier cast.​

科学・自然・歴史・テクノロジーなど 様々なドキュメンタリーが揃っております

Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier cast.​

面白い動画を見てるうちに

So far, they are the only known species that can successfully attack a mature colony of leafcutters.​

賢くなっちゃうかも！？

So far, they are the only known species that can successfully attack a mature colony of leafcutters.​

この動画を制作するにあたり CuriosityStream様からご支援を頂きましたこと

When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column.​

この場をお借りして感謝申し上げます

When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column.​

パート2にご期待ください

The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode​

curiositystream.com/kurzgesagtにも アクセスよろしく！

The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode​

and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack.​

and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack.​

A frontline develops that can be a few meters wide, and up to a meter deep.​

A frontline develops that can be a few meters wide, and up to a meter deep.​

The leafcutter soldiers go head-to-head with the army ants,​

The leafcutter soldiers go head-to-head with the army ants,​

locking on them, and try to cut through their heads.​

locking on them, and try to cut through their heads.​

Smaller leafcutter workers help by grabbing the enemies.​

Smaller leafcutter workers help by grabbing the enemies.​

Small teams carry out attacks behind the frontline,​

Small teams carry out attacks behind the frontline,​

where they dismember their enemies by ripping their legs from their bodies.​

where they dismember their enemies by ripping their legs from their bodies.​

The attackers, meanwhile, try to swarm their victim soldiers,​

The attackers, meanwhile, try to swarm their victim soldiers,​

and sting them to death in a mob.​

and sting them to death in a mob.​

Despite the powerful defense, and the determined response,​

Despite the powerful defense, and the determined response,​

the army ants are still superior in numbers.​

the army ants are still superior in numbers.​

So, without knowing if the battle can be won, the leafcutters prepare for the worst.​

So, without knowing if the battle can be won, the leafcutters prepare for the worst.​

Workers rush to create barricades,​

Workers rush to create barricades,​

and seal off as many entrances to their nest as possible to secure their brood.​

and seal off as many entrances to their nest as possible to secure their brood.​

If the leafcutters are not able to repel the invaders,​

If the leafcutters are not able to repel the invaders,​

or at least barricade enough of their entrances in time,​

or at least barricade enough of their entrances in time,​

the army ants swarm the nest, overrunning all opposition.​

the army ants swarm the nest, overrunning all opposition.​

They penetrate deep into the hidden chambers,​

They penetrate deep into the hidden chambers,​

and steal tens of thousands of the leafcutters' brood to eat them.​

and steal tens of thousands of the leafcutters' brood to eat them.​

Even if the leafcutter colony survives, this is a heavy blow.​

Even if the leafcutter colony survives, this is a heavy blow.​

Regardless who has won the war, thousands lay slain on the battlefield.​

Regardless who has won the war, thousands lay slain on the battlefield.​

When the army ants attack, death follows them.​

When the army ants attack, death follows them.​

But, there are other species that form much more dangerous ant armies.​

But, there are other species that form much more dangerous ant armies.​

Species that form supercolonies, covering thousands of square kilometers​

Species that form supercolonies, covering thousands of square kilometers​

over multiple continents, engaging in wars kilometers across.​

over multiple continents, engaging in wars kilometers across.​

They deserve their own video though.​

They deserve their own video though.​

No matter the scale, war is a part of ant existence,​

No matter the scale, war is a part of ant existence,​

be it between huge colonies or small groups trying to fend off a raid.​

be it between huge colonies or small groups trying to fend off a raid.​

In tropical rainforests, but also in the cracks of the concrete we walk over every day.​