Placeholder Image

字幕表 動画を再生する

  • Some groups just don't get along.​

    「仲良く」というのは難しい

  • Some groups just don't get along.​

    毎日何十億もの兵士が至る所で戦い

  • Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war

    1億年以上もそれが続く

  • Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war

    それがアリの世界大戦だ

  • on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years.​

    アリは 約1.6億年前に誕生して以来

  • on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years.​

    様々な環境に適応して進化したので

  • The World War of the Ants.​

    地球上で優占種となった

  • The World War of the Ants.​

    現在 16000種以上が存在し

  • Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago,​

    個体数は1京を超える

  • Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago,​

    全てのアリを集めると

  • and took over a wide variety of ecological niches so successfully

    全生物重量の2割を占める

  • and took over a wide variety of ecological niches so successfully

    成功のカギは

  • that they became one of the dominant animals on planet Earth.​

    人類と同じで「協力」だ

  • that they became one of the dominant animals on planet Earth.​

    個々では弱くとも

  • Today, they count more than 16,000 different species

    協力すれば 凄い力を発揮できる

  • Today, they count more than 16,000 different species

    複雑な巣の構築

  • with over 10 thousand trillion individuals.​

    家畜の世話

  • with over 10 thousand trillion individuals.​

    農作業など

  • Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land.​

    自然と共生関係を結んでいる

  • Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land.​

    そしてもちろん

  • Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration.​

    戦争もする

  • Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration.​

    同種であっても

  • While a single ant is pretty useless,​

    争いは日常茶飯事だ

  • While a single ant is pretty useless,​

    小競り合いや

  • together, they are able to achieve stunning feats.​

    襲撃や全面戦争は

  • together, they are able to achieve stunning feats.​

    毎日起こるし

  • They construct complex colonies,​

    死傷者も数百万に上る

  • They construct complex colonies,​

    アリの世界は面白いので 今後も動画で扱うが

  • care for livestock,​

    今回は

  • care for livestock,​

    「軍隊アリ」という

  • pursue agriculture,​

    凶暴なアリを紹介する

  • pursue agriculture,​

    軍隊アリは約200種が存在する

  • or have complex symbiotic relationships.​

    巣は作らず

  • or have complex symbiotic relationships.​

    数百万匹の仲間と共に 遊牧民生活を送る

  • And, of course, ants wage war.​

    ある種は 100mの隊列で狩りを行うので

  • And, of course, ants wage war.​

    遭遇した昆虫・小動物は すぐにバラバラになる

  • Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common.​

    一日の狩りで 最大50万匹の生物が死ぬ

  • Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common.​

    社会性昆虫を狩るのが得意な種も存在し

  • Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions

    白アリ・スズメバチ・アリなどが標的だ

  • Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions

    スズメバチは恐ろしい昆虫だ

  • are happening every day, causing millions of casualties.​

    だが巣を攻撃されたら

  • are happening every day, causing millions of casualties.​

    手も足も出ない

  • Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos.​

    アリにも犠牲は出るだろう

  • Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos.​

    だが奴らは大群だ

  • In this one, the ​​army ant​—a swarm made for war.​

    女王バチが生き残っても

  • In this one, the ​​army ant​—a swarm made for war.​

    幼虫は奪われて

  • The army ant group consists of about 200 different species.​

    巣は壊滅する

  • The army ant group consists of about 200 different species.​

    復活の余地はない

  • Army ants do not build nests; they live a sort-of nomadic lifestyle

    アリの巣を見つけると

  • Army ants do not build nests; they live a sort-of nomadic lifestyle

    すぐに戦争になる

  • with groups of millions of individuals.​

    互角の戦いに思えるが そうはならない

  • with groups of millions of individuals.​

    群れ単位で動くので

  • On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long,​

    非常に獰猛で圧倒的なのだ

  • On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long,​

    軍隊アリの体長はそれほどだが

  • killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter.​

    多勢に無勢なので

  • killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter.​

    敵はあっという間にやられる

  • The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day.​

    軍隊アリに襲われると

  • The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day.​

    損害は避けられず

  • Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects

    時には全滅する

  • Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects

    面白いことに 軍隊アリ同士は争わない

  • like termites, wasps, and especially other ants.​

    広い場所で遭遇すると

  • like termites, wasps, and especially other ants.​

    お互い無視してやり過ごすか

  • Wasps are fierce, and may seem invulnerable,​

    距離を取るのだ

  • Wasps are fierce, and may seem invulnerable,​

    これは進化論で説明がつく

  • but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies

    軍隊アリ同士で争った種は

  • but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies

    共倒れになったのだろう

  • they don't even stand a chance.​

    彼らに対抗すべく

  • they don't even stand a chance.​

    他のアリは種の保存に特化した

  • The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them,​

    軍隊アリに気付くと

  • The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them,​

    急いで巣から避難する

  • but they are quickly overwhelmed.​

    可能な限り幼虫を運び

  • but they are quickly overwhelmed.​

    襲撃の後に巣に戻る

  • Even if their queen survives an attack,​

    戦いが苦手なので 籠城するアリもいる

  • Even if their queen survives an attack,​

    働きアリは大きい四角の頭を持ち

  • the army ants steal the colony's larvae, and quickly devour them.​

    軍隊アリが現れると

  • the army ants steal the colony's larvae, and quickly devour them.​

    頭で巣の入り口を塞ぐ

  • There is no recovery from that.​

    敵は諦めざるを得ない

  • There is no recovery from that.​

    だが 軍隊アリを恐れないアリもいる

  • When army ants discover another ant colony, they immediately attack.​

    ハキリアリは 巨大で複雑な社会を形成し

  • When army ants discover another ant colony, they immediately attack.​

    それは人間にも勝る

  • Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not.​

    縦横数メートルに渡る巣を作り

  • Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not.​

    数百万の個体が

  • Because army ants act as a social unit,​

    分業化社会を形成する

  • Because army ants act as a social unit,​

    兵隊アリの体重は 働きアリの百倍だ

  • they are especially dangerous and effective.​

    唯一の使命が

  • they are especially dangerous and effective.​

    軍隊アリから巣を守ること

  • Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually,​

    だが天敵もいる

  • Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually,​

    Nomamyrmex esenbeckiiという種は

  • but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers

    アリの幼虫を主食とする

  • but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers

    他の軍隊アリと比べて

  • before the victim colony can mount an effective defense.​

    兵隊アリがより堅牢だ

  • before the victim colony can mount an effective defense.​

    今のところ ハキリアリを倒せるのは この種だけだ

  • And so, invasions tend to be won by the attackers

    ハキリアリの巣を見つけると

  • And so, invasions tend to be won by the attackers

    数十万の隊列で攻撃する

  • and the prey colony is damaged significantly,​

    ハキリアリが攻撃を察知すると

  • and the prey colony is damaged significantly,​

    厳戒態勢となり

  • or is exterminated.​

    すぐに兵隊アリが

  • or is exterminated.​

    戦闘地帯にやってくる

  • Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants.​

    前線は 長さ数メートル・厚さ1mにも及ぶ

  • Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants.​

    兵隊アリは敵と1対1で戦い

  • When two swarms encounter each other in the wild,​

    首に噛みついて攻撃する

  • When two swarms encounter each other in the wild,​

    働きアリも敵を掴んで攻撃する

  • they either pass through each other, ignoring the other swarm,​

    前線の後ろからやってきて

  • they either pass through each other, ignoring the other swarm,​

    集団で敵の手足をもいでいく

  • or both colonies just move away.​

    一方 敵も集団で行動し

  • or both colonies just move away.​

    兵隊アリを針で刺し殺す

  • Which makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint.​

    こちらも必死で防衛するが

  • Which makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint.​

    数は敵の方が上だ

  • Army ants that fought other army ants

    そこで 戦況に関わらず

  • Army ants that fought other army ants

    最悪の事態に備える

  • probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago.​

    バリケードを急いで作り

  • probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago.​

    入り口を塞いで巣を守るのだ

  • Indeed, they're so deadly, that other ant species had to specialize

    敵の撃退に失敗するか

  • Indeed, they're so deadly, that other ant species had to specialize

    十分に入り口を塞げない場合は

  • to survive their presence.​

    敵の大群がやってきて

  • to survive their presence.​

    巣は蹂躙される

  • Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts

    奥深くまでやってきて

  • Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts

    幼虫を大量に攫っていく

  • carrying as many larvae with them as they can,​

    仮に巣が生き残っても

  • carrying as many larvae with them as they can,​

    損害は大きい

  • in order to return and rebuild after the attack.​

    どちらが勝っても

  • in order to return and rebuild after the attack.​

    何千匹と犠牲が出る

  • Other species have invented living bunkers, since fighting is so futile.​

    軍隊アリの後には

  • Other species have invented living bunkers, since fighting is so futile.​

    死体しか残らない

  • They have worker classes that have big square heads.​

    だが さらに危険な軍隊アリがいる

  • They have worker classes that have big square heads.​

    巣の大きさは数千平方kmに及び

  • When army ants show up,​

    複数の大陸に生息し

  • When army ants show up,​

    数km先の戦闘にも参加する

  • they use them to block the entrances to their nests,​

    これは別の動画で話そう

  • they use them to block the entrances to their nests,​

    規模に関わらず

  • so the attackers have to give up after a while.​

    争いはアリの生活の一部だ

  • so the attackers have to give up after a while.​

    コロニーの大小はあれども 襲われれば抵抗する

  • But, not everybody is afraid of army ants.​

    そこが熱帯雨林であろうが

  • But, not everybody is afraid of army ants.​

    コンクリートの隙間であろうが

  • Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies

    もう戦争はしたくないと 人類は心に誓った

  • Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies

    だがアリの世界では

  • of any animal other than humans.​

    周囲は敵だらけだ

  • of any animal other than humans.​

    いや…

  • They live in extensive nests, many meters deep and across,​

    「仲良く」なれないだけなのかも

  • They live in extensive nests, many meters deep and across,​

    続きを見たい人に朗報!

  • harboring millions of citizens with a highly-sophisticated division of labor.​

    CuriosityStreamの支援の元 現在パート2を制作中です

  • harboring millions of citizens with a highly-sophisticated division of labor.​

    CuriosityStreamは課金制のストリーミングサービス!

  • Like huge soldiers—100 times more massive than a worker.​

    ドキュメンタリーやノンフィクションを 数千タイトル配信中です

  • Like huge soldiers—100 times more massive than a worker.​

    curiositystream.com/kurzgesagtに アクセスしてくれた視聴者には

  • Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants.​

    31日間の無料体験をプレゼント!

  • Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants.​

    「Big World in a Small Garden」が視聴可能です

  • They still have a nemesis though.​

    昆虫の世界に迫る映像をご覧あれ

  • They still have a nemesis though.​

    ホーキング博士やアッテンボロー博士など 有名な方のドキュメンタリーもご用意しております

  • The diet of the army ant​ ​species ​​Nomamyrmex esenbekii

    ちなみに全てオフラインで再生可

  • The diet of the army ant​ ​species ​​Nomamyrmex esenbekii

    体験期間終了後は

  • consists mostly of the larvae of other ants.​

    月額2.99ドルで視聴し放題!

  • consists mostly of the larvae of other ants.​

    このサービスを始めたのは ディスカバリーチャンネルの創始者なので

  • Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier cast.​

    科学・自然・歴史・テクノロジーなど 様々なドキュメンタリーが揃っております

  • Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier cast.​

    面白い動画を見てるうちに

  • So far, they are the only known species that can successfully attack a mature colony of leafcutters.​

    賢くなっちゃうかも!?

  • So far, they are the only known species that can successfully attack a mature colony of leafcutters.​

    この動画を制作するにあたり CuriosityStream様からご支援を頂きましたこと

  • When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column.​

    この場をお借りして感謝申し上げます

  • When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column.​

    パート2にご期待ください

  • The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode

    curiositystream.com/kurzgesagtにも アクセスよろしく!

  • The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode

  • and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack.​

  • and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack.​

  • A frontline develops that can be a few meters wide, and up to a meter deep.​

  • A frontline develops that can be a few meters wide, and up to a meter deep.​