字幕表 動画を再生する 字幕スクリプトをプリント 翻訳字幕をプリント 英語字幕をプリント Some groups just don't get along. 「仲良く」というのは難しい Some groups just don't get along. 毎日何十億もの兵士が至る所で戦い Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war 1億年以上もそれが続く Every day, billions of soldiers fight a merciless war それがアリの世界大戦だ on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years. アリは 約1.6億年前に誕生して以来 on thousands of fronts, and it's been going on for over 100 million years. 様々な環境に適応して進化したので The World War of the Ants. 地球上で優占種となった The World War of the Ants. 現在 16000種以上が存在し Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago, 個体数は1京を超える Ants are ancient beings that arose around 160 million years ago, 全てのアリを集めると and took over a wide variety of ecological niches so successfully 全生物重量の2割を占める and took over a wide variety of ecological niches so successfully 成功のカギは that they became one of the dominant animals on planet Earth. 人類と同じで「協力」だ that they became one of the dominant animals on planet Earth. 個々では弱くとも Today, they count more than 16,000 different species 協力すれば 凄い力を発揮できる Today, they count more than 16,000 different species 複雑な巣の構築 with over 10 thousand trillion individuals. 家畜の世話 with over 10 thousand trillion individuals. 農作業など Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land. 自然と共生関係を結んでいる Collectively, ants alone make up 20% of the entire animal biomass on land. そしてもちろん Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration. 戦争もする Similar to humans, their recipe for success is collaboration. 同種であっても While a single ant is pretty useless, 争いは日常茶飯事だ While a single ant is pretty useless, 小競り合いや together, they are able to achieve stunning feats. 襲撃や全面戦争は together, they are able to achieve stunning feats. 毎日起こるし They construct complex colonies, 死傷者も数百万に上る They construct complex colonies, アリの世界は面白いので 今後も動画で扱うが care for livestock, 今回は care for livestock, 「軍隊アリ」という pursue agriculture, 凶暴なアリを紹介する pursue agriculture, 軍隊アリは約200種が存在する or have complex symbiotic relationships. 巣は作らず or have complex symbiotic relationships. 数百万匹の仲間と共に 遊牧民生活を送る And, of course, ants wage war. ある種は 100mの隊列で狩りを行うので And, of course, ants wage war. 遭遇した昆虫・小動物は すぐにバラバラになる Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common. 一日の狩りで 最大50万匹の生物が死ぬ Even among the same species, a constant state of conflict is pretty common. 社会性昆虫を狩るのが得意な種も存在し Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions 白アリ・スズメバチ・アリなどが標的だ Skirmishes, raids, and full-on invasions スズメバチは恐ろしい昆虫だ are happening every day, causing millions of casualties. だが巣を攻撃されたら are happening every day, causing millions of casualties. 手も足も出ない Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos. アリにも犠牲は出るだろう Let's look at some of the most interesting ones in a series of videos. だが奴らは大群だ In this one, the army ant—a swarm made for war. 女王バチが生き残っても In this one, the army ant—a swarm made for war. 幼虫は奪われて The army ant group consists of about 200 different species. 巣は壊滅する The army ant group consists of about 200 different species. 復活の余地はない Army ants do not build nests; they live a sort-of nomadic lifestyle アリの巣を見つけると Army ants do not build nests; they live a sort-of nomadic lifestyle すぐに戦争になる with groups of millions of individuals. 互角の戦いに思えるが そうはならない with groups of millions of individuals. 群れ単位で動くので On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long, 非常に獰猛で圧倒的なのだ On a hunt, some species form large columns up to 100 meters long, 軍隊アリの体長はそれほどだが killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter. 多勢に無勢なので killing and immediately dismembering every insect or small vertebrate they encounter. 敵はあっという間にやられる The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day. 軍隊アリに襲われると The biggest hunting parties can kill up to 500,000 animals per day. 損害は避けられず Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects 時には全滅する Some army ants specialize in hunting and consuming other social insects 面白いことに 軍隊アリ同士は争わない like termites, wasps, and especially other ants. 広い場所で遭遇すると like termites, wasps, and especially other ants. お互い無視してやり過ごすか Wasps are fierce, and may seem invulnerable, 距離を取るのだ Wasps are fierce, and may seem invulnerable, これは進化論で説明がつく but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies 軍隊アリ同士で争った種は but if a swarm makes its way to their colonies 共倒れになったのだろう they don't even stand a chance. 彼らに対抗すべく they don't even stand a chance. 他のアリは種の保存に特化した The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them, 軍隊アリに気付くと The much bigger and stronger wasps might kill a few of them, 急いで巣から避難する but they are quickly overwhelmed. 可能な限り幼虫を運び but they are quickly overwhelmed. 襲撃の後に巣に戻る Even if their queen survives an attack, 戦いが苦手なので 籠城するアリもいる Even if their queen survives an attack, 働きアリは大きい四角の頭を持ち the army ants steal the colony's larvae, and quickly devour them. 軍隊アリが現れると the army ants steal the colony's larvae, and quickly devour them. 頭で巣の入り口を塞ぐ There is no recovery from that. 敵は諦めざるを得ない There is no recovery from that. だが 軍隊アリを恐れないアリもいる When army ants discover another ant colony, they immediately attack. ハキリアリは 巨大で複雑な社会を形成し When army ants discover another ant colony, they immediately attack. それは人間にも勝る Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not. 縦横数メートルに渡る巣を作り Now, you might think this would be a more even battle, but it's not. 数百万の個体が Because army ants act as a social unit, 分業化社会を形成する Because army ants act as a social unit, 兵隊アリの体重は 働きアリの百倍だ they are especially dangerous and effective. 唯一の使命が they are especially dangerous and effective. 軍隊アリから巣を守ること Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually, だが天敵もいる Most army ants are not particularly impressive individually, Nomamyrmex esenbeckiiという種は but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers アリの幼虫を主食とする but they can overwhelm their victims with sheer numbers 他の軍隊アリと比べて before the victim colony can mount an effective defense. 兵隊アリがより堅牢だ before the victim colony can mount an effective defense. 今のところ ハキリアリを倒せるのは この種だけだ And so, invasions tend to be won by the attackers ハキリアリの巣を見つけると And so, invasions tend to be won by the attackers 数十万の隊列で攻撃する and the prey colony is damaged significantly, ハキリアリが攻撃を察知すると and the prey colony is damaged significantly, 厳戒態勢となり or is exterminated. すぐに兵隊アリが or is exterminated. 戦闘地帯にやってくる Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants. 前線は 長さ数メートル・厚さ1mにも及ぶ Interestingly, army ants don't fight army ants. 兵隊アリは敵と1対1で戦い When two swarms encounter each other in the wild, 首に噛みついて攻撃する When two swarms encounter each other in the wild, 働きアリも敵を掴んで攻撃する they either pass through each other, ignoring the other swarm, 前線の後ろからやってきて they either pass through each other, ignoring the other swarm, 集団で敵の手足をもいでいく or both colonies just move away. 一方 敵も集団で行動し or both colonies just move away. 兵隊アリを針で刺し殺す Which makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. こちらも必死で防衛するが Which makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. 数は敵の方が上だ Army ants that fought other army ants そこで 戦況に関わらず Army ants that fought other army ants 最悪の事態に備える probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago. バリケードを急いで作り probably eradicated themselves millions of years ago. 入り口を塞いで巣を守るのだ Indeed, they're so deadly, that other ant species had to specialize 敵の撃退に失敗するか Indeed, they're so deadly, that other ant species had to specialize 十分に入り口を塞げない場合は to survive their presence. 敵の大群がやってきて to survive their presence. 巣は蹂躙される Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts 奥深くまでやってきて Many species just panic and evacuate their nest when they notice army ant scouts 幼虫を大量に攫っていく carrying as many larvae with them as they can, 仮に巣が生き残っても carrying as many larvae with them as they can, 損害は大きい in order to return and rebuild after the attack. どちらが勝っても in order to return and rebuild after the attack. 何千匹と犠牲が出る Other species have invented living bunkers, since fighting is so futile. 軍隊アリの後には Other species have invented living bunkers, since fighting is so futile. 死体しか残らない They have worker classes that have big square heads. だが さらに危険な軍隊アリがいる They have worker classes that have big square heads. 巣の大きさは数千平方kmに及び When army ants show up, 複数の大陸に生息し When army ants show up, 数km先の戦闘にも参加する they use them to block the entrances to their nests, これは別の動画で話そう they use them to block the entrances to their nests, 規模に関わらず so the attackers have to give up after a while. 争いはアリの生活の一部だ so the attackers have to give up after a while. コロニーの大小はあれども 襲われれば抵抗する But, not everybody is afraid of army ants. そこが熱帯雨林であろうが But, not everybody is afraid of army ants. コンクリートの隙間であろうが Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies もう戦争はしたくないと 人類は心に誓った Leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex societies だがアリの世界では of any animal other than humans. 周囲は敵だらけだ of any animal other than humans. いや… They live in extensive nests, many meters deep and across, 「仲良く」なれないだけなのかも They live in extensive nests, many meters deep and across, 続きを見たい人に朗報! harboring millions of citizens with a highly-sophisticated division of labor. CuriosityStreamの支援の元 現在パート2を制作中です harboring millions of citizens with a highly-sophisticated division of labor. CuriosityStreamは課金制のストリーミングサービス! Like huge soldiers—100 times more massive than a worker. ドキュメンタリーやノンフィクションを 数千タイトル配信中です Like huge soldiers—100 times more massive than a worker. curiositystream.com/kurzgesagtに アクセスしてくれた視聴者には Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants. 31日間の無料体験をプレゼント! Their sole purpose might be to defend their colonies against army ants. 「Big World in a Small Garden」が視聴可能です They still have a nemesis though. 昆虫の世界に迫る映像をご覧あれ They still have a nemesis though. ホーキング博士やアッテンボロー博士など 有名な方のドキュメンタリーもご用意しております The diet of the army ant species Nomamyrmex esenbekii ちなみに全てオフラインで再生可 The diet of the army ant species Nomamyrmex esenbekii 体験期間終了後は consists mostly of the larvae of other ants. 月額2.99ドルで視聴し放題! consists mostly of the larvae of other ants. このサービスを始めたのは ディスカバリーチャンネルの創始者なので Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier cast. 科学・自然・歴史・テクノロジーなど 様々なドキュメンタリーが揃っております Compared to other army ants, they have a more robust soldier cast. 面白い動画を見てるうちに So far, they are the only known species that can successfully attack a mature colony of leafcutters. 賢くなっちゃうかも!? So far, they are the only known species that can successfully attack a mature colony of leafcutters. この動画を制作するにあたり CuriosityStream様からご支援を頂きましたこと When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column. この場をお借りして感謝申し上げます When they find a leafcutter colony, hundreds of thousands attack in a long column. パート2にご期待ください The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode curiositystream.com/kurzgesagtにも アクセスよろしく! The moment the leafcutter ants notice the army ant attack, they go into crisis mode and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack. and immediately alert their soldiers, who very quickly swarm to the site of attack. A frontline develops that can be a few meters wide, and up to a meter deep. A frontline develops that can be a few meters wide, and up to a meter deep.