Name: TEDx】がんのない世界のために。ジャック・アンドラカ＠TEDxOrangeCoast (【TEDx】For A World Without Cancer: Jack Andraka at TEDxOrangeCoast)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:42:07.000Z
Duration: 9 min 28 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Earlier this year,  I won an international science competition.

Ever since then, a bunch of people have come up to me and asked,

"How on Earth could a 15 year old have come up with a new way

My answer, "A ton of hard work, a year and a half to be precise,

Recently, I developed a novel paper sensor for the detection

It is 168 times faster, over 26,000 times less expensive

and over 400 times more sensitive than the current gold standard of detection.

the best part, it costs 3 cents and takes 5 minutes to run.

It all began one day when I decided to go online and start researching

We had recently lost a close family friend who was like an uncle to me

who had succumbed to the disease of pancreatic cancer.

Over 85% of all pancreatic cancers  are diagnosed late

where a patient has less than 2 percent chance of survival.

That means less than 2 people out of every 100 [survive].

In addition, it has an abysmal 5 year survival rate.

Only 5.5 percent of people will survive after 5 years.

The average life span of someone with pancreatic cancer is 3 months.

One of my dad's friends actually suffered of pancreatic cancer,

So I was wondering, why we are so bad at detecting pancreatic cancer.

What I found was eye-opening and shocking to me.

Our "modern medicine"  is a 60 year old technique.

It is highly outdated and grossly inaccurate.

It misses over 30 percent of all pancreatic cancers.

It costs 800 dollars per test and it's not covered by insurance.

So, it's not an option for low income patients.

In addition, pancreatic cancer is a non symptomatic disease.

That means that all of its symptoms are really general

Then I started making a scientific criteria,

that I would imagine a sensor that was optimal would have.

It would have to be simple, sensitive, selective, rapid, inexpensive,

I was pretty confident that I could create such a sensor, but I wasn't quite sure how.

Then, I started doing a bit more research

and I found out why such a technological advancement hadn't been made.

What I found is that, due to the daunting nature of discovery,

What is happening with pancreatic cancer when you diagnose it,

or a protein that's found at higher levels in your blood stream.

This sounds really straightforward, but it is anything but.

You see, you have all this healthy blood, liters and liters of healthy blood.

But, you are looking for this tiny increase in this tiny amount of protein.

Essentially, what you are doing is you are looking for a needle in a haystack.

But worse, you are looking for a needle in a stack of [nearly identical] needles.

So then, what I did, is I began researching because I had to find some target to look at.

I started actually with a database of over 8,000 different proteins

Luckily, on the 4,000th try, I finally hit gold.

unless you have pancreatic, ovarian, or lung cancer.

In which case, it's found at highly expressed level,

at highly over expressed like really high levels in your blood stream.

Then, the key about this protein  is that it's found early in the disease

when a patient has  close to 100% chance of survival.

then I could hopefully cure pancreatic cancer, basically.

Then, I shifted my focus to trying to detect the protein because that was the big question.

My breakthrough came in the most unlikely of places.

It came in high school biology class -- the absolute abhor of innovation.

I basically smuggled in this article on single walled carbon nanotubes

A single walled carbon nanotube is essentially an atom-thick tube of carbon.

That's -- just imagine a really long pipe.

It is one 150th of the diameter of your hair.

They are like the superheros of material science.

Then, I was trying to roll over this concept of -- we were learning about -- antibodies.

Antibody is basically a lock and key molecule

that attaches specifically to a certain protein, in this case, the mesothelin.

I was trying to combine that specific reactivity

to how carbon nanotubes are really sensitive to their network

of the 3 dimensional structures of their network.

What I could do is I could put an antibody in this network

such that would react specifically to the mesothelin.

Then, also I would change its electrical properties based on the amount of mesothelin,

enough so that I could measure it with the 50 dollar Home Depot ohmmeter.

Just as I had this epiphany, my biology teacher storms up to me,

because she spots me reading this article, snatches it out of my hand,

because I was supposed to be writing an essay,

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TEDx】がんのない世界のために。ジャック・アンドラカ＠TEDxOrangeCoast (【TEDx】For A World Without Cancer: Jack Andraka at TEDxOrangeCoast)

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