Name: 社会秩序と創造の物語クラッシュコース 世界の神話 #5 (Social Orders and Creation Stories: Crash Course World Mythology #5)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:52:19.000Z
Duration: 10 min 33 s
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転換語

Hi I'm Mike Rugnetta, this is Crashcourse
Mythology and today, rather than focus on

様態の副詞

how the earth and what's around it was created,
we're going to look specifically at what's

程度の副詞

on it, more specifically people, and even
more specifically, men and women.

You're a god with an animal head, it's
different.

Anyway, we're going to see how myths explain
our origins and our relationships with each

other, or at least how they try to explain
them.

INTRO
Myths don't usually incorporate contemporary

ideas of gender fluidity, although sometimes
they do--Tireisias, ancient seer, I'm looking

As we've seen from the Chinese and Zoroastrian
creation stories, myths often tend to focus

on dualities, or binaries, and one of the
key ones we find is a distinction between

And this binary opposition frequently sets
women as subordinate to men, at least on earth.

In the heavens, it's a little bit more complicated,
as it tends to be.

Let's start with a story that is probably
well known to many of our viewers: the creation

Close readers of the Book of Genesis will
know that there are two or even three creation

stories in it, which, according to Biblical
scholars reflects different writing traditions.

We're going to focus on the second one,
found in Genesis 2.

As we join our story, God has already created
the the earth and the heavens and man to till

the earth, because as we established last
time: Gods don't like weeding.

Unlike the first version of creation in Genesis,
man is created near the very beginning, which

suggests that he's actually pretty important
in the grand scheme of things.

But apparently one man wasn't enough for
all that Edenic gardening.

Genesis 2 verse 21 begins:
So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall

upon the man, and while he slept took one
his ribs and closed up its place with flesh:

and with the rib the Lord God had taken from
the man he made into a woman and brought her

This is the bone of my bones and flesh of
my flesh, she should be called Woman, because

Therefore a man leaves his father and his
mother and cleaves to his wife and they become

Here we see an early justification for men
being superior to women and it's kind of

In the rest of the Genesis story, one of the
things that marks man's dominion over other

creatures is that he is given the power to
name them, just as he is permitted to name

The word play here also works in the original
Hebrew, where the word for man is “ish”

and the word for woman is “isha” Get it!

She was taken out of man and so even her name
is taken out of man.

This passage also explains marriage -- although
only between a man and a woman -- and describes

a social order in which men leave their parents'
household when they marry to have their own

Whether this describes a family structure
that already existed or was written in order

to encourage such a family structure, we can't
say for certain, but it's likely that this

Providing a rationalization for what people
encounter in their daily lives is an important

The Bible goes on to refine the “natural”
relationship between men and women and not

After they eat the fruit from the tree of
knowledge, God is miffed and he punishes them.

To the woman he said,
I will greatly multiply your pain in childbearing;

In pain you should bring forth children,
Yet your desire shall be for your husband,

And to Adam he said,
Because you have listened to the voice of

your wife,
And you have eaten of the tree of which I

commanded you,
“You shall not eat of it,”

cursed is the ground because of you;
in toil you shall eat of it all the days of

your life;
thorns and thistles it shall bring forth to

you;
and you shall eat the plants of the field.

In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread
Till you return to the ground,

For out of it you were taken;
You are dust, and to dust you shall return.

One way to interpret this is that it provides
justification for man's dominance over women

as a punishment for what one woman did in
disobeying god.

The first punishments directly affect the
experiences of women, causing the pain of

childbirth and desire for a husband that shall
“rule over” her, establishing a patriarchal

Men are punished too, by having to work hard
in order to eat, toiling at bringing food

And what is the reward for all this hard work?

Worse yet, as far as solidifying male-dominance
goes, all of this is because man listened

Greek mythology creates a similar rationale
for misogyny with the story of Pandora.

Even before she opened the jar bringing sorrows
to all the world, Zeus made her as a punishme

nt for Prometheus who stole fire and gave
it to the humans.

This is in addition to having his liver eaten
by an eagle for all of eternity.

According to Hesiod she would be, “Another
gift to men, an evil thing for their delight.”[1]

Hermes endowed Pandora with “lies and persuasive
words and cunning ways.”[2] And probably

also, like, the absolute perfect shade of
lipstick, but before we agree to this image

of women as conniving and untrustworthy, let's
pause to remember that it's Hermes, a male

god and one of the great misogynists of the
ancient world, who bestows these qualities

on Pandora, so this is a dude's hateful
vision of women.

Anyway, Zeus gave Pandora as a gift to Prometheus's
brother Epimetheus, who accepted her, even

though Prometheus had told him to never accept
a gift from Zeus.

字幕リスト動画再生

社会秩序と創造の物語クラッシュコース世界の神話 #5 (Social Orders and Creation Stories: Crash Course World Mythology #5)

ritual

ancient

structure

specifically

社会秩序と創造の物語クラッシュコース 世界の神話 #5 (Social Orders and Creation Stories: Crash Course World Mythology #5)

ritual

ancient

structure

specifically

社会秩序と創造の物語クラッシュコース世界の神話 #5 (Social Orders and Creation Stories: Crash Course World Mythology #5)