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Hadrian's Wall in the North of England One of [the] unsung wonders of the ancient world
it's unique [a]
spectacular and complex Stone barrier measuring 74 miles long
15 feet [5] and 10 feet wide
For 300 years it stood as the Roman Empire's most imposing Frontier
Hadrian's war is not only an amazing feat of [engineering], but so important
It's been given the status of a [world] [heritage] [site]
But it's also an incredible time capsule a window into the human parts
This is the immediate fingering. It's a lovely thing and I often wonder about the rao and [tree] lost it
Even something this small can tell us about a single person finished of Hadrian's wall
every single
piece of leather in this style is stamped with the names laid
You see if I purchase [Farley's] son of time
basically the sort of douchey of the day
almost
[2,000] years [later] the wall still stands
The men women and children who lived along it [to] vanished
But they've left [behind] many thousands of clues of what their lives were like
including an incredible collection of Handwritten letters
right Determines
[tell] you in great detail what they're doing? Who they are?
There's no comparison
Tonight time watch Journeys back through time to unlock the secrets of a lost world
Revealing a unique insight into a dreams war and the romans
Whose Empire dominated Europe for half a Millennia?
I want to travel along Hadrian's wall
It's a journey of 74 miles and almost 2,000 years that will take it some wonderful places
But even before the war was felt there was a line of force and the most amazing [of] them is in the land
These archaeologists are the latest in a long line
helping to piece together a picture of life in [Romans], written a
little object obviously
afternoon last thing
Do [you] [prefer] the Bronze belt?
Which goes on one of the other little objects with a from this area?
they've discovered the remains of nine Roman Forts built on top of each other and
dating from the 1st to the 4th Centuries ad
Well, this is one of the enormous outside wall posts from the stores builder which looks like it's symptom today was there the troops building
Hadrian's wall
reign without any
Faults on the wall itself at the time while it was being built it would have been a big mean [forest] [or] base somewhere
I mean if the build is actually stretching for over 35 [metres], so it's a substantial stores blue
Vindolanda Sport was part of the infrastructure for the building of Hadrian's were the most northerly frontier of the Roman Empire
But fools Hadrian, and why was he in britain?
Publius Alias Adrianna's was 41 when he came to power
117 Ad
He inherited an expanding empire that stretched from North [Africa] in the south to Newcastle in the North
He dreams in many ways a rather unusual [emperor] in that he took the strategic decision
No longer to Expand the Empire
Aggressively the way his [kinsman] and predecessor trajan had done he decided to consolidate him
along the Frontiers it already had and
his way of actually achieving this and if truth could control libyans was to go on a series of
prolong tours around the [Empire] to visit the Army's to maintain them around and
Generally be seen so they would know who their Paymaster doors
by
122 ad the Romans had established a huge Garrison in Britain?
expanding out from the southeast
But they never managed fully conquered the area north of [new] [course] in carmine
Adrian evidently decided that it was not going to be practical to try to conquer the whole of the island at least at that period
What he was going to have to do was to establish a fairly tightly defined line across the island marking
[roman] reckoning for country from areas which was still at least nominally?
independent
The only question was what Form would this new route take?
Adrian came to Britain in Ad
122 an ordered the construction of a war frontier right the way across the laws of the country
The sheer scale of it. I'm just outside Newcastle anymore this end
but actually this is where the war began an [existence] sighs down there in the river time and
Then it ran up through what's now Swamp M2
Shipyard with a bill the carpathian the ship that rescued the survivors from the titanic
And the first port along the wall is here
[Sega] [Deunan]
Hit them the terraced housing to the 1970s
Archaeologists have unearthed the ruins of this run's driving round [foot]
It was from here [that] Hadrian's wall headed West
This is what the war would have looked like
[courtesy] and the archaeologists at war's end have reconstructed it to its original height
And although no one's certain common sense suggests that donal wall is white the descents of the walk wave and Sim
protection for the Soldiers
It's when you stand next to the wall as it was when it was first built and it towers above you
But you realized the impact that it must have had marching across the landscape
And imagine the effect that it had of the locals their lands their farms divided by this incredible structure
Constance is just one of seventeen major faults will do on the wall
the [forks] at highly developed infrastructures each one home to several hundred people
In places Hadrian's wall crosses some wonderfully wild terrain
Even today this would be a major construction job, but the Romans built it nearly 2,000 years ago
we have to envisage an
area of Britain where the wasn't all that much stone building certainly new Monumental masonry
So it would have been a totally alien thing
It would be like a visitation from from another world, and it will be God's not
Not the least that the purposes of Hadrian's wall was to make a huge statement of power in the landscape of this province
This would have been a monument
Unprecedented not only in the Island, but really in the whole of the law empire
So how on Earth did they do it?
Well the roman
Stonemasons left behind some clues on this Rock-strewn hill at [Fallow] [field] quarry half a mile from the war
Today, it's very quiet and peaceful in Rural
But any two thousand years ago it been very different the whole hillside would have been swarming with Roman Masons
The Air would have been filled with the sound of hammer and chisel and a constant stream of wagons coming along to take away
the finished blocks of stone
The scale of what the romans did is incredible? They're quite away this entire hillside
And you can even see the way they worked these homes were [made] by Roman chisels
they got a [halfway] to try to split this block and then abandoned it [a]
[contrast] of the great wall of China for example which was built by slave labor Hadrian's walls built by the Soldiers [themselves]
Soldiers were trained in
Construction techniques some of them were very skilled Masons so they had all the skills within legions to build something even on this huge scale
Dr.. Peter Hill is a stonemason and an expert on the construction of Hadrian's wall
He spent years following the trail left behind by the romans, but if you look at this one here
This is now in three pieces
But it obviously
Is all one that's all the one when it came out you see by the way. It shapes all came out of one stone and
They simply lift see how it's 13 or 12
And they just that's a straight lift out of the day
Yes, straight. [leave] [up] [over] [here] [onto] [the] side yeah. I mean you [me] pick twice today
Among the ruins the archaeologists found Roman tools
These finds give an insight into how the masons shape the stones to go the warm
and incredibly the design and size [are] almost identical to the tools used by Stonemasons today, I
Could use aroma stone motions to all think innumerable ferns changeable
And they haven't changed in two thousand years and beginning [work] [some] [because] hamels have obtained
Further investigation by gluten [so] that the masons would have worked for about twenty minutes on each stone before it was placed in the ward
It calculates that they would have had to have done this 18 million times
And Peter is uncovered further evidence of how the Masons went about their work
We know how the romans lifted the big stones Bill?
and
Left us clues in the form of a hole here
There's a Lewis hall and into that goes [Lewis]
Right you've got to tapered legs here which go into this undercut hole on each side
right and then they are forced apart by the
Parallel leg goes between them
And then you simply push shackles
with a pin
Crane hook into there, and you lift, so you could lift a stone digitize
I stay on this side is three-quarters of a turn with that no problem at all right and
This isn't a Modern Louis which fits into a roman Louis hole we've got roman Lewis's of survived, so we know these
Basically the same tools tool and Clever Latvia Clever very clever
At the museum of antiquities in Newcastle there are even more clues
The archeologists have also discovered many of the names of the Roman Civil war
Welcome to our clay pen
Here we have with Mike all filing cabinets all the evidence for agents were always here
You've got a fair amount of stone wood she was a stone [Mikey]
And no one knows these Romans better than Lindsey Alison Jones
We have huge benefits on [Cajon's] wall in the Roman army like to record their achievements in stone
And a very good example is this
Stone here which came form our castle 38?
and this is the stone which actually tells us that it was Hadrian who built Hadrian's wall h a
[d] r [i] a n
It also tells us that the [2nd] legion your guster was involved in the building
But then it [actually] tells us the name of [the] governor at the time Paulus pretorius new posts
And that means we can pin down the start of the building Hadrian's wall
to ad 1 to 2 1 to 5
So if it hadn't been for [this] stone would not know that it was hatred that [should] [open] [or] absolutely
[I] [mean] before these inscriptions were found there was a huge rao called [newell] controversy when
Academics fought over whether it was septimus Severus or Hadrian
And it was inscriptions like this that proved the point that it was k giunti built Hadrian's wall
it was probably a really [zài] [a] very huge architectural limiters and so a
Hand without blueprint and they are Maga Rom with it
Following Hadrian's instructions the Soldiers built castles at every Milan on the wall
But in places the bureaucracy of the [emperor's] design raised some eyebrows amongst his men
right we're at [the] North Gate of Marcantel 37 just west of our stands for
Splendid Mark ethel Gateway [10] [foot] wise
Passageway big enough to get a large wagon through and you go through it
And you're on the edge of a cliff are you on the edge [of] a cliff?
It goes very steeply down was it well [who] gave may here not a lot?
Hadrian
From the wall. He said I want to get laid every mile and
So they built a date where every mile load how looking at the [path]?
What we [gave] just lay it off with every bill be a way