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  • This is chapter two, we will do musculoskeletal system and the first

  • thing that we're going to talk about are the first group of drugs and all of this

  • that I'm going to put up there is all in my head so I'm just going to do this

  • from memory but you might learn it piece by piece. I'm going to show you the

  • pieces and how they group together and then within those groups we'll have three

  • larger groups so that you can learn this column then hopefully next column the

  • next column. So the first column I'm going to talk about are the OTC NSAIDS

  • The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs There are three of those. Start

  • with aspirin, ibuprofen which has two brand names, Advil and Motrin and then naproxen

  • So the first thing we want to do is make sure that we check for any stems

  • and a stem is something that indicates what drug class it's in. -profen is a

  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory stem. -proxen isn't. It looks very similar though so if

  • you're trying to memorize it that's one good way to do it. So we go from the OTC

  • NSAIDs aspirin ibuprofen naproxen to what would be a non narcotic analgesic

  • also over-the-counter

  • and the one that you're probably most familiar with is

  • acetaminophen Tylenol. There's no stem here but what you can see just like with

  • the aspirin, aspirin is actually acetylsalicylic acid which is abbreviated ASA

  • We also have an abbreviation that actually comes from acetaminophen which

  • is from N-acetyl-para-aminophenol which is APAP and we'll use that in just a

  • minute. So then we've got those and these take

  • care of most things that most analgesia most pains over-the-counter but maybe

  • it's some kind of a migraine or something like that so we're going to

  • combine them and we'll combine the OTC NSAID plus non-narcotic in a

  • medication called Excedrin Migraine that includes aspirin ASA, Tylenol APAP, and

  • also caffeine and the caffeine is a vasoconstrictor it helps narrow the

  • blood vessels in the brain so that there's less pain

  • So we started with the OTCs and the natural movement or progression is from

  • OTC to Rx so let's go to the Rx NSAID and the first one we'll look at is

  • meloxicam and this also has a stem -icam okay and that's mobic and then we

  • also have another Rx NSAID that's a COX-2 inhibitor. That one's going to

  • be Celebrex or celecoxib

  • And that's Celebrex. So the first kind of panel,

  • first group of drugs that we want to look at are these seven and we see that

  • we have nonsteroidals and non-narcotic we're going to combine the two to help

  • memorize these two groups then we're going to have prescription NSAID that

  • works just like ibuprofen and naproxen, meloxicam

  • And then we have this COX-2 inhibitor which is supposed to protect the stomach

  • Okay so again in order, aspirin ibuprofen naproxen acetaminophen aspirin

  • acetaminophen caffeine meloxicam and celecoxib. So that's the first group

  • and that's how we would do that within the groups though make sure that you

  • want to try to alphabetize it so A comes before I before N and I'll show you

  • where I'll break that rule a little bit here. Okay so the next group we're

  • going to look at are the opioids and narcotic antagonist

  • And we'll start with the scheduled two so again the DEA schedules, one is one

  • that has no medical value two is the most addicting three is less addicting

  • than that four is less addicting than that and five and so forth so we'll go

  • over a two or three and a four. So the first one is morphine

  • MS Contin

  • And fentanyl has a couple brand names. One is Duragesic

  • an analgesic that lasts for a long duration and Sublimaze although it's not subQ

  • you can think of it going intramuscularly

  • Then we have hydrocodone

  • with acetaminophen

  • That's Vicodin

  • And then oxycodone with acetaminophen and that's Percocet

  • That's an R. Okay all right so we've got four C-II opioids and you'll notice that I've got

  • it alphabetically here but not here. Why? Well morphine was the first drug

  • It's a prototypical drug. If you have something like that you want to take it

  • and put it at the top and then you'll alphabetize the ones that come after it

  • But now we're going to go in DEA order from C-II to narcotic C-III

  • And the C-III is going to be Tylenol with codeine but we call it

  • Acetaminophen with codeine

  • and one of them is Tylenol #3 then we have a narcotic C-IV

  • It's a mixed opioid so I'll just call it a mixed opioid but it is

  • scheduled four

  • and that's tramadol

  • and we'll just underline -adol and that's

  • the stem there. So over here we used the NSAIDs and we did them from OTC

  • to Rx over here what we're going to do is we're going to use the number of DEA

  • schedules from two to three to four to help memorize them and then we've got a

  • narcotic antagonist

  • and it's nice to have usually the agonist before the

  • antagonist it just makes sense intuitively and that's noloxone

  • Or Narcan and the stem there is the nal- So these are the opioids and how

  • you remember them use them in DEA schedule order agonist first

  • antagonist next. Next we're going to go actually in the body from head to toe

  • and the first group that we're going to have

  • are the triptans and the triptans are going to be the migraine medications

  • eletriptan Relpax and you can think of relief and pax means peace in

  • Latin and then sumatriptan which is Imitrex there's an IM version so you can

  • think of the IM and imitrex but really it's these -triptan stems

  • that tell you what kind of medication you have then from there we're going to

  • go to what are called the DMARDs and DMARDs are disease-modifying

  • antirheumatic drugs and I'll show you why I'm going to put this not in

  • alphabetical order

  • Methotrexate Rheumatrex because it's

  • for rheumatoid arthritis and methotrexate has the -trexate stem

  • and this is a non-biologic then we have two biologics, abatacept and

  • etanercept. So [brand names] Orencia and Enbrel

  • I'm going to underline the -cept because that's the stem for these

  • biologics but also the -ta- so we'll double underline the -cept and the -ner-

  • and so the -tacept and -nercept means that it's a certain kind of disease

  • modifying antirheumatic drug but you see we don't have alphabetical order here

  • because we have a non biologic then we have two biologics in alphabetical order

  • so after the DMARDs come, the way I remember it is we start

  • with the head then we go to the joint and then from the joint we're going to

  • go to the bone. So we have two bisphosphonates,

  • alendronate

  • Ibandronate

  • [brand] Fosamax. Students like to think of fossil. [brand] Boniva has the word bone in it

  • that's how I remember those. And these aren't for osteoarthritis like the NSAIDs would be

  • these are for osteoporosis so some degradation of the bone from there we

  • have the muscle relaxants up and then the -dronate stem that tells you that

  • these are bisphosphonates. Then we have the muscle relaxers and the muscle

  • relaxers include cyclobenzaprine which is Flexeril and diazepam which is Valium

  • and the -azepam is a stem so cyclobenzaprine you can see the word

  • -benz- and it's like you're bending and then flex for Flexeril. diazepam it's a

  • benzodiazepine we'll see benzodiazepines in the neuro section but these are also

  • used for muscle relaxation so I put one here we actually have one more set of

  • drugs but I want you to notice where we've gone we started with the head so

  • triptans for headache then we went into the joint and then from the joint

  • we went to the bone and then out to the muscle so you're thinking inside out and

  • I'll put it over here anti-gout okay so I'm going to have 2 anti-gout

  • medications allopurinol which is Zylorpim and febuxostat which is Uloric

  • and the -xostat is the stem. These anti gout medications are for

  • chronic gout so what we're doing is we're preventing uric acid from forming

  • and you can kind of see the uric from uric acid in here and then the -lo- for lower

  • so "you lower" uric acid. Both of these prevent having too much uric acid if

  • you have less uric acid you'll have less gout but again alphabetize them within

  • the group and here we are gout 50% of the time is in the toe so a

  • good place to memorize

  • so those are the 25 musculoskeletal drugs in a nutshell

This is chapter two, we will do musculoskeletal system and the first

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(CC) トップ200の薬 第2章 筋骨格看護薬理学(暗記薬理学) ((CC) Top 200 Drugs Chapter 2 Musculoskeletal Nursing Pharmacology (Memorizing Pharmacology))

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    Mark Lu に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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