Name: 人工知能などというものは存在しない｜2分間ペーパー (No Such Thing As Artificial Intelligence | Two Minute Papers)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:50:02.000Z
Duration: 4 min 46 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Dear Fellow Scholars, this is Two Minute Papers with Károly Zsolnai-Fehér.

Whether a technique can be deemed as artificial intelligence or not, is a question that I

would like to see exiled from future debates and argumentations. Of course, anyone may

take part in any debate of their liking, I would, however, like to point out the futility

Ever heard a parent and a son having an argument whether the son is an adult or not?

"You are not an adult, because adults don't behave like this!" And arguments like that.

The argument is not really about whether a person is an adult, but it is about the very

Do we define an adult as someone who has common sense and behaves responsibly? Or is it enough

to be of 18 or 21 years old to be an adult?

If we decide which definition we go for, the scaffolding for the entire argument crumbles,

because it is built upon a term for which the definition is not agreed upon.

I feel that we have it the same with artificial intelligence in many debates.

The definition of artificial intelligence, or at least one possible definition, is the

following: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence

It is a bit of a copout, so we have to go and check the definition of intelligence.

There are multiple definitions, but for the sake of argument, we are going to let this

One possible definition for intelligence is "the ability to learn or understand things

or to deal with new or difficult situations".

Now, this sentence is teeming with ill-defined terms, such as learn, understand things, deal

with new situations, difficult situations.

So, if we have a shaky definition of artificial intelligence, it is quite possibly pointless

to argue whether self driving cars can be deemed artificially intelligent or not. Imagine

two physicists arguing whether a material is ferromagnetic, but none of them has the

slightest idea what magnetism means. If we look at it like this, it is very easy

to see the futility of such arguments. If we had as poorly crafted definitions in physics

as we have for intelligence, magnetism would be defined as "stuff pulling on other stuff".

The second part is that artificial intelligence is imagined to be a mystical thing that only

exists in the future, or it may exist in the present, but it has to be shrouded in mystery.

Let me give you an example. The A* algorithm used to be called AI and was (and still is)

widely taught in AI courses at many universities. A* is used in many pathfinding situations

where we seek to go from A to B on a map in the presence of possible obstacles. It is

widely used in robotics and computer games.

Nowadays, calling a pathfinding algorithm AI is simply preposterous. It is a simple,

well-understood technique that does something we are used to.

Imagine someone waving their GPS device claiming that there is AI in there.

But back then, when it was new, hazy, and poorly understood, we put it in a drawer with

the label "AI" on it. As soon as people start to understand it, they pull it out from this

drawer, and disgustedly claim, "Well, this is not AI, it's just a graph algorithm.

Graphs are not AI, that's just mathematics." It is important to note that none of the

techniques that we see today are mysterious in any sense, the entirety of deep learning

and everything else is a series of carefully prescribed mathematical operations.

I will try to briefly assess the two arguments: - Arguments about AI are not about the algorithms

they seem to be discussing, but about the very definition of AI, which is ill-defined

at best. - AI is imagined to be a mystical thing that

only exists in the future, or it may exist in the present, but it has to be, in some

The good news is that using this knowledge, we can easily defuse such futile arguments.

If someone says that deep learning is not artificial intelligence because all it does

is matrix algebra, we can ask: "okay, what is your definition of artificial intelligence?"

If this person defines AI as being a sentient learning being akin to humans, then we have

immediately arrived to a conclusion that deep learning is not AI.

Let us not fool ourselves by thinking that we are arguing about things when we are simply

arguing about definitions. As soon as the definition is agreed upon, the conclusion

Thanks for watching, and for your generous support, and I'll see you next time!