【TED】JR: My wish: Use art to turn the world inside out

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Two weeks ago I was in my studio in Paris,
and the phone rang and I heard,
"Hey, JR,
you won the TED Prize 2011.
You have to make a wish to save the world."
I was lost.
I couldn't save the world; nobody can.
The world is fucked up.
Come on, you have dictators ruling the world,
population is growing by millions,
there's no more fish in the sea,
the North Pole is melting,
and as the last TED Prize winner said,
we're all becoming fat.
(Laughter)
Except maybe French people.
Whatever.
So I called back
and I told her,
"Look, Amy,
tell the TED guys I just won't show up.
I can't do anything to save the world."
She said, "Hey, JR,
your wish is not to save the world, but to change the world."
"Oh, all right."
(Laughter)
"That's cool."
I mean, technology, politics, business
do change the world --
not always in a good way, but they do.
What about art?
Could art change the world?
I started when I was 15 years old.
And at that time, I was not thinking about changing the world;
I was doing graffiti --
writing my name everywhere,
using the city as a canvas.
I was going in the tunnels of Paris,
on the rooftops with my friends.
Each trip was an excursion,
was an adventure.
It was like leaving our mark on society,
to say, "I was here," on the top of a building.
So when I found a cheap camera on the subway,
I started documenting those adventures with my friends
and gave them back as photocopies --
really small photos just that size.
That's how, at 17 years old,
I started pasting them.
And I did my first expo de rue,
which means sidewalk gallery.
And I framed it with color
so you would not confuse it with advertising.
I mean, the city's the best gallery I could imagine.
I would never have to make a book and then present it to a gallery
and let them decide
if my work was nice enough to show it to people.
I would control it directly with the public
in the streets.
So that's Paris.
I would change --
depending on the places I would go --
the title of the exhibition.
That's on the Champs-Elysees.
I was quite proud of that one.
Because I was just 18
and I was just up there on the top of the Champs-Elysees.
Then when the photo left,
the frame was still there.
(Laughter)
November 2005:
the streets are burning.
A large wave of riots
had broken into the first projects of Paris.
Everyone was glued to the TV,
watching disturbing, frightening images
taken from the edge of the neighborhood.
I mean, these kids, without control,
throwing Molotov cocktails,
attacking the cops and the firemen,
looting everything they could in the shops.
These were criminals, crooks, dangerous
destroying their own environment.
And then I saw it -- could it be possible? --
my photo on a wall
revealed by a burning car --
a pasting I'd done a year earlier --
an illegal one -- still there.
I mean, these were the faces of my friends.
I know those guys.
All of them are not angels,
but they're not monsters either.
So it was kind of weird to see
those images and those eyes stare back at me through a television.
So I went back there
with a 28 mm lens.
It was the only one I had at that time.
But with that lens,
you have to be as close as 10 inches from the person.
So you can do it only with their trust.
So I took four portraits of people from Le Bosquet.
They were making scary faces
to play the caricature of themselves.
And then I pasted huge posters everywhere
in the bourgeois area of Paris
with the name, age, even building number
of these guys.
A year later,
the exhibition was displayed in front of the city hall of Paris.
And we go from took images,
who've been stolen and distorted by the media,
who's now proudly taking over his own image.
That's where I realized
the power of paper and glue.
So could art change the world?
A year later,
I was listening to all the noise
about the Middle East conflict.
I mean, at that time, trust me,
they were only referring to the Israeli and Palestinian conflict.
So with my friend Marco,
we decided to go there
and see who are the real Palestinians and who are the real Israelis.
Are they so different?
When we got there, we just went in the street,
started talking with people everywhere,
and we realized that things were a bit different
from the rhetoric we heard in the media.
So we decided to take portraits
of Palestinians and Israelis
doing the same jobs --
taxi-driver, lawyer, cooks.
Asked them to make a face as a sign of commitment.
Not a smile -- that really doesn't tell
about who you are and what you feel.
They all accepted
to be pasted next to the other.
I decided to paste
in eight Israeli and Palestinian cities
and on both sides of the wall.
We launched the biggest illegal art exhibition ever.
We called the project Face 2 Face.
The experts said, "No way.
The people will not accept.
The army will shoot you, and Hamas will kidnap you."
We said, "Okay, let's try and push as far as we can."
I love the way people will ask me,
"How big will my photo be?"
"It will be as big as your house."
When we did the wall, we did the Palestinian side.
So we arrived with just our ladders
and we realized that they were not high enough.
And so Palestinians guys say,
"Calm down. No wait. I'm going to find you a solution."
So he went to the Church of Nativity
and brought back an old ladder
that was so old that it could have seen Jesus being born.
(Laughter)
We did Face 2 Face with only six friends,
two ladders, two brushes,
a rented car, a camera
and 20,000 sq. ft. of paper.
We had all sorts of help
from all walks of life.
Okay, for example, that's Palestine.
We're in Ramallah right now.
We're pasting portraits --
so both portraits in the streets in a crowded market.
People come around us and start asking,
"What are you doing here?"
"Oh, we're actually doing an art project
and we are placing an Israeli and a Palestinian doing the same job.
And those ones are actually two taxi-drivers."
And then there was always a silence.
"You mean you're pasting an Israeli face --
doing a face right here?"
"Well, yeah, yeah, that's part of the project."
And I would always leave that moment,
and we would ask them,
"So can you tell me who is who?"
And most of them couldn't say.
(Applause)
We even pasted on Israeli military towers,
and nothing happened.
When you paste an image, it's just paper and glue.
People can tear it, tag on it, or even pee on it --
some are a bit high for that, I agree --
but the people in the street,
they are the curator.
The rain and the wind will take them off anyway.
They are not meant to stay.
But exactly four years after,
the photos, most of them are still there.
Face 2 Face demonstrated
that what we thought impossible was possible --
and, you know what, even easy.
We didn't push the limit,
we just showed that we're further than anyone thought.
In the Middle East, I experienced my work
in places without [many] museums.
So this direction in the street
were kind of interesting.
So I decided to go further in this direction
and go in places where there are zero museums.
When you go in these developing societies,
women are the pillars of their community,
but the men are still the ones holding the streets.
So we were inspired to create a project
where men will pay tribute to women
by posting their photos.
I called that project Women Are Heroes.
When I listened to all the stories
everywhere I went on the continents,
I couldn't always understand
the complicated circumstances of their conflict,
I just observed.
Sometimes there was no words,
no sentence, just tears.
I just took their pictures
and pasted them.
Women Are Heroes took me around the world.
Most of the places I went to,
I decided to go there
because I've heard about it through the media.
So for example, in June 2008,
I was watching TV in Paris,
and then I heard about this terrible thing
that happened in Rio de Janeiro.
The first favela of Brazil named Providencia.
Three kids -- that was three students --
were [detained] by the army
because they were not carrying their papers.
And the army took them,
and instead of bringing them to the police station,
they brought them to an enemy favela
where they get chopped into pieces.
I was shocked.
All Brazil was shocked.
I heard it was one of the most violent favelas,
because the largest drug cartel controls it.
So I decided to go there.
When I arrived --
I mean, I didn't have any contact with any NGO.
There was none in place -- no tourist agent, no NGOs, nothing --
no eyewitnesses.
So we just walked around,
and we met a woman,
and I showed her my book.
And she said, "You know what?
We're hungry for culture.
We need culture out there."
So I went out and I started with the kids.
I just took a few photos of the kids,
and the next day I came with the posters and we pasted them.
The day after, I came back and they were already scratched.
But that's okay.
I wanted them to feel that this art belongs to them.
Then the next day, I held a meeting on the main square
and some women came.
They were all linked to the three kids that got killed.
There was the mother, the grandmother, the best friend.
They all wanted to shout the story.
After that day,
everyone in the favela gave me the green light.
I took more photos, and we started the project.
The drug lords were kind of worried
about us filming in the place,
so I told them, "You know what?
I'm not interested in filming the violence and the weapons.
You see that enough in the media.
What I want to show is the incredible life.
And actually I've been seeing it around me the last few days."
So that's a really symbolic pasting,
because that's the first one we did that you couldn't see from the city.
And that's where the three kids got arrested,
and that's the grandmother of one of them.
And on that stairs,
that's where the traffickers always stand
and there's a lot of exchange of fire.
Everyone there understood the project.
And then we pasted everywhere -- the whole hill.
(Applause)
What was interesting is that the media couldn't get in.
I mean, you should see that.
They would have to film us from a really long distance by helicopter
and then have a really long lens,
and we would see ourselves on TV pasting.
And they would put a number: "Please call this number
if you know what's going on in Providencia."
We just did a project and then left
so the media wouldn't know.
So how can we know about the project?
So they had to go and find the women
and get an explanation from them.
So you create a bridge between the media
and the anonymous women.
We kept traveling.
We went to Africa, Sudan, Sierra Leone,
Liberia, Kenya.
In war-torn places like Monrovia,
people come straight to you.
I mean, they want to know what you're up to.
They kept asking me, "What is the purpose of your project?
Are you an NGO? Are you the media?"
Art. Just doing art.
Some people question, "Why is it in black and white?
Don't you have color in France?"
(Laughter)
Or they tell you, "Are these people all dead?"
Some who understood the project would explain it to others.
And to a man who did not understand, I heard someone say,
"You know, you've been here for a few hours
trying to understand, discussing with your fellows.
During that time, you haven't thought about
what you're going to eat tomorrow.
This is art."
I think it's people's curiosity
that motivates them
to come into the projects.
And then it becomes more.
I becomes a desire, a need, a lament.
On this bridge that's in Monrovia,
an ex-rebel soldier helped us pasting a portrait
of a woman that might have been raped during the war.
Women are always the first ones to get it
during conflict.
This is Kibera, Kenya,
one of the largest slums of Africa.
You might have seen images about the post-election violence
that happened there in 2008.
This time we covered the roofs of the houses,
but we didn't use paper,
because paper doesn't prevent the rain
from leaking inside the house --
vinyl does.
Then art becomes useful.
So the people kept it.
You know what I love is, for example, when you see the biggest eye there,
there are so [many] houses inside.
And I went there a few months ago --
photos are still there -- and it was missing a piece of the eye.
So I asked the people what happened.
"Oh, that guy just moved."
(Laughter)
When the roofs were covered, a woman said as a joke,
"Now God can see me."
When you look at Kibera now,
they look back.
Okay, India.
Before I start that, just so you know,
each time we go to a place, we don't have a tourist agent,
so we set up like commandos --
we're a group of friends who arrive there,
and we try to paste on the walls.
But there are places where you just can't paste on a wall.
In India it was just impossible to paste.
I heard culturally and because of the law,
they would just arrest us at the first pasting.
So we decided to paste white,
white on the walls.
So imagine white guys pasting white papers.
So people would come to us and ask us,
"Hey, what are you up to?"
"Oh, you know, we're just doing art." "Art?"
Of course, they were confused.
But you know how India has a lot of dust in the streets,
and the more dust you would have
going up in the air,
on the white paper you can almost see,
but there is this sticky part
like when you reverse a sticker.
So the more dust you have, the more it will reveal the photo.
So we could just walk in the street during the next days
and the photos would get revealed by themselves.
(Applause)
Thank you.
So we didn't get caught this time.
Each project, that's a film
from Women Are Heroes.
(Music)
Okay.
For each project we do
a film.
And most of what you see, that's a trailer from "Women Are Heroes" --
its images, photography,
taken one after the other.
And the photo kept traveling even without us.
(Laughter)
(Applause)
Hopefully, you'll see the film,
and you'll understand the scope of the project
and what the people felt when they saw those photos.
Because that's a big part of it. There's layers behind each photo.
Behind each image is a story.
Women Are Heroes created a new dynamic
in each of the communities,
and the women kept that dynamic after we left.
For example, we did books -- not for sale --
that all the community would get.
But to get it, they would have to make it signed by one of the women.
We did that in most of the places.
We go back regularly.
And so in Providencia, for example, in the favela,
we have a controlled center running there.
In Kibera, each year we cover more roofs.
Because of course, when we left, the people who were just at the edge of the project
said, "Hey, what about my roof?"
So we decided to come the year after
and keep doing the project.
A really important point for me
is that I don't use any brand or corporate sponsors.
So I have no responsibility
to anyone but myself
and the subjects.
(Applause)
And that is for me
one of the more important things in the work.
I think, today,
as important as the result is the way you do things.
And that has always been a certain part of the work.
And what's interesting is that fine line that I have
with images and advertising.
We just did some pasting in Los Angeles
on another project in the last weeks.
And I was even invited to cover the MOCA museum.
But yesterday the city called them and said,
"Look, we're going to have to tear it down.
Because this can be taken for advertising,
and because of the law,
it has to be taken down."
But tell me, advertising for what?
The people I photograph
were proud to participate in the project
and to have their photo in the community.
But they asked me for a promise basically.
They asked me, "Please, make our story travel with you."
So I did. That's Paris.
That's Rio.
In each place, we built exhibitions with a story, and the story traveled.
You understand the full scope of the project.
That's London,
New York.
And today, they are with you in Long Beach.
All right, recently I started a public art project
where I don't use my artwork anymore.
I use Man Ray, Helen Levitt,
Giacomelli, other people's artwork.
It doesn't matter today if it's your photo or not.
The importance is what you do
with the images,
the statement it makes where it's pasted.
So for example, I pasted the photo of the minaret
in Switzerland
a few weeks after they voted the law forbidding minarets in the country.
(Applause)
This image of three men wearing gas masks
was taken in Chernobyl originally,
and I pasted it in Southern Italy,
where the mafia sometimes bury the garbage under the ground.
In some ways, art can change the world.
Art is not supposed to change the world,
to change practical things,
but to change perceptions.
Art can change
the way we see the world.
Art can create an analogy.
Actually the fact that art cannot change things
makes it a neutral place
for exchanges and discussions,
and then enables you to change the world.
When I do my work,
I have two kinds of reactions.
People say, "Oh, why don't you go in Iraq or Afghanistan.
They would be really useful."
Or, "How can we help."
I presume that you belong to the second category,
and that's good,
because for that project,
I'm going to ask you to take the photos
and paste them.
So now my wish is:
(mock drum roll)
(Laughter)
I wish for you to stand up
for what you care about
by participating in a global art project,
and together we'll turn the world inside out.
And this starts right now.
Yes, everyone in the room.
Everyone watching.
I wanted that wish
to actually start now.
So a subject you're passionate about, a person who you want to tell their story,
or even your own photos --
tell me what you stand for.
Take the photos, the portraits,
upload it -- I'll give you all the details --
and I'll send you back your poster. Join by groups
and reveal things to the world.
The full data is on the website:
insideoutproject.net
that is launching today.
What we see changes who we are.
When we act together,
the whole thing is much more than the sum of the parts.
So I hope that, together, we'll create something
that the world will remember.
And this starts right now and depends on you.
Thank you.
(Applause)
Thank you.
(Applause)