Name: 郭道夫：神は数学者なのか？ (Michio Kaku: Is God a Mathematician?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:26:36.000Z
Duration: 5 min 34 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Some people ask the question of what good is math?  What is the relationship between

math and physics?  Well, sometimes math leads.  Sometimes physics leads.  Sometimes they

転換語

come together because, of course, there’s a use for the mathematics.  For example,

in the 1600s Isaac Newton asked a simple question: if an apple falls then does the moon also

fall?  That is perhaps one of the greatest questions ever asked by a member of Homo sapiens

since the six million years since we parted ways with the apes.  If an apple falls, does

the moon also fall?  Isaac Newton said yes, the moon falls because

of the Inverse Square Law.  So does an apple.  He had a unified theory of the heavens, but

he didn't have the mathematics to solve the falling moon problem.  So what did he do? 

He invented calculus.  So calculus is a direct consequence of solving the falling moon problem. 

In fact, when you learn calculus for the first time, what is the first thing you do?  The

first thing you do with calculus is you calculate the motion of falling bodies, which is exactly

how Newton calculated the falling moon, which opened up celestial mechanics.

So here is a situation where math and physics were almost conjoined like Siamese twins,

born together for a very practical question, how do you calculate the motion of celestial

bodies?  Then here comes Einstein asking a different question and that is, what is

the nature and origin of gravity?  Einstein said that gravity is nothing but the byproduct

of curved space.  So why am I sitting in this chair?  A normal person would say I'm

sitting in this chair because gravity pulls me to the ground, but Einstein said no, no,

no, there is no such thing as gravitational pull; the earth has curved the space over

my head and around my body, so space is pushing me into my chair.  So to summarize Einstein's

theory, gravity does not pull; space pushes.  But, you see, the pushing of the fabric of

space and time requires differential calculus.  That is the language of curved surfaces, differential

calculus, which you learn in fourth year calculus. So again, here is a situation where math and

physics were very closely combined, but this time math came first.  The theory of curved

surfaces came first.  Einstein took that theory of curved surfaces and then imported

it into physics. Now we have string theory.  It turns out

that 100 years ago math and physics parted ways.  In fact, when Einstein proposed special

relativity in 1905, that was also around the time of the birth of topology, the topology

of hyper-dimensional objects, spheres in 10, 11, 12, 26, whatever dimension you want, so

physics and mathematics parted ways.  Math went into hyperspace and mathematicians said

to themselves, aha, finally we have found an area of mathematics that has no physical

application whatsoever.  Mathematicians pride themselves on being useless.  They love being

useless.  It's a badge of courage being useless, and they said the most useless thing of all

is a theory of differential topology and higher dimensions.

Well, physics plotted along for many decades.  We worked out atomic bombs.  We worked out

stars.  We worked out laser beams, but recently we discovered string theory, and string theory

exists in 10 and 11 dimensional hyperspace.  Not only that, but these dimensions are super. 

They're super symmetric.  A new kind of numbers that mathematicians never talked about evolved

within string theory.  That's how we call it “super string theory.”  Well, the

mathematicians were floored.  They were shocked because all of a sudden out of physics came

new mathematics, super numbers, super topology, super differential geometry. 

All of a sudden we had super symmetric theories coming out of physics that then revolutionized

mathematics, and so the goal of physics we believe is to find an equation perhaps no

more than one inch long which will allow us to unify all the forces of nature and allow

us to read the mind of God.  And what is the key to that one inch equation?  Super

symmetry, a symmetry that comes out of physics, not mathematics, and has shocked the world

of mathematics.  But you see, all this is pure mathematics and so the final resolution

could be that God is a mathematician.  And when you read the mind of God, we actually

have a candidate for the mind of God.  The mind of God we believe is cosmic music, the

music of strings resonating through 11 dimensional hyperspace.  That is the mind of God.