HOLD THE KEY TO A CLEANER, MORE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE.

“It really is the end game for energy. If we can turn sunlight and water into a clean

fuel, then we don’t have to further alter our energy structure.”

“Today, most hydrogen is produced by natural gas and as we look to the future, we believe

that we need to derive more and more hydrogen from renewable energy sources.”

NREL -- THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY IN GOLDEN, COLORADO IS WORKING TO UNLOCK THE

POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN… AND TO ADVANCE THE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL POWER THE

AUTOMOBILES, EQUIPMENT AND BUILDINGS OF TOMORROW. “We have scientists who are working at understanding

the very nature of hydrogen and how it behaves with different types of materials… to enable

our engineers then to develop better ways to produce hydrogen from renewable energy

using solar, wind energy and biomass, for example.”

IN ITS NATURAL FORM, HYDROGEN IS ALMOST ALWAYS BONDED WITH ANOTHER ELEMENT… SO, NREL RESEARCHERS

ARE SEPARATING THOSE MOLECULES USING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES.

“We are trying to convert sunlight and water into hydrogen fuel, and we do that using semiconductors.”

“We have the world record for efficiency of solar-water splitting.”

ARE USING SOLAR ENERGY TO SPLIT WATER INTO HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO CREATE FUEL.

“We’re sticking our photovoltaic material directly into solution and shining light on

it and you get hydrogen right off of the surface.” IT IS ONE OF THE CLEANEST WAYS TO PRODUCE

HYDROGEN… BUT IT’S *NOT* THE ONLY METHOD. “The photobiological hydrogen production

is one of many alternatives that are being considered as hydrogen-producing technologies.”

THE PHOTO-BIOLOGICAL PROCESS RELIES ON ORGANISMS LIKE GREEN ALGAE OR CYANO-BACTERIA – BLUE-GREEN

ALGAE – TO SPLIT WATER AND GENERATE HYDROGEN. “Biological organisms do photosynthesis…

photosynthesis is essentially the same process.” “This is the fermentation of the corn stover

for the hydrogen production…” FERMENTATION OF PRETREATED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS

IS ANOTHER APPROACH. THIS PROCESS INVOLVES BREAKING DOWN AND CONVERTING

SUGAR-RICH FEEDSTOCKS… “Agricultural residues such as corn stover,

your wheat straw, your rice straw...” TO GENERATE HYDROGEN.

THE CHALLENGE WITH EACH APPROACH… IS TO LOWER THE COST AND INCREASE PRODUCTION.

“We’re hoping that by lowering the feedstock costs, using lingo-cellulosic biomass and

developing a genetic system by removing competing pathways, we’ll decrease the feedstock costs

and improve hydrogen yield.” “Inside this building, we have two electrolyzers

that produce hydrogen from water and renewable energy…”

“THE WIND TO HYDROGEN PROJECT” AT NREL’S NATIONAL WIND TECHNOLOGY CENTER IS EXPLORING

WAYS TO USE WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY TO HARVEST HYDROGEN.

“These systems in here are electrolyzers and their main purpose in life is to take

in electricity – preferably from renewables and split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

The hydrogen is compressed to higher pressures and stored in tanks.”

*THIS* IS JUST THE DAWNING OF HYDROGEN AS A FUEL SOURCE IN OUR COUNTRY… TODAY, HYDROGEN

POWERS A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF BUILDINGS AND VEHICLES – BUT THE POTENTIAL IS LIMITLESS.

“We’re standing in front of a hydrogen fueling station. It dispenses gaseous hydrogen

into vehicles.” HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS ARE A MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY,

ENERGY EFFICIENT WAY TO DRIVE. “A fuel cell is two- to two-and-a-half times

more efficient than an internal combustion engine.”

“Fuel cells are wonderfully simple devices in concept in that we take as input into a

fuel cell hydrogen and oxygen – the oxygen, we get from the air.”

TOGETHER, THE HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN IN A FUEL CELL PRODUCE ELECTRICITY… POWERFUL *AND*

POLLUTION-FREE. “You can think of it as a mix between an

engine, like you have in your car, and a battery. Like an engine, you continuously feed fuel

to a fuel cell and it creates energy… but like a battery, it doesn’t work with combustion.

It works with chemical reactions.” A FUEL CELL FOR TRANSPORTATION CONVERTS FUEL

TO ELECTRICITY THROUGH A THIN MEMBRANE WITH THE HELP OF A CATALYST… IT’S THE HEART

OF THE FUEL CELL. “Around the outside is this thin, plastic

film… (*bump with 1:25:07*) “In the middle then, the black part is what we call a catalyst.

The catalyst is actually the part that allows hydrogen and oxygen to combine and create

electricity.” “This is a fuel cell characterization lab…”

LOWERING THE COST AND INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF THE FUEL CELL CATALYST ARE THE WORK OF

NREL’S CHARACTERIZATION LAB. “Fuel cells use platinum as a catalyst,

so it’s very expensive.” THE GOAL IS TO USE LESS PLATINUM IN THE CATALYSTS

*AND* TO FIND EQUALLY EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES. “We can take any material and we can analyze

it…. See when it decomposes, see what gases it gives off when it decomposes.”

SCIENTISTS HERE ALSO LOOK AT HOW CONTAMINENTS MAY IMPACT A FUEL CELL AND WHAT MATERIALS

WILL OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE. “It’s identifying materials that will

be useful in the fuel cells of the future.” “This is what we call a web line… or a

continuous processing line.” AS THE FUEL CELLS DESIGNS ARE IMPROVED, NREL

IS FURTHERING THE TECHNOLOGIES TO ALLOW MANUFACTURERS SCALE UP PRODUCTION.

“It lets us take the R&D innovations and here at the lab, take them that much closer

to industry so it’s that much easier for them to take ahold of and implement quicker.”

*THIS* IS WHERE SCIENTISTS TEST THE TECHNIQUES TO HELP INDUSTRY PARTNERS TO INCREASE FUEL

CELL PRODUCTION -- WITHOUT SACRIFICING QUALITY. “We’re going to get the costs for fuel

cells down and as that happens, you will see them come into more and more different markets.”

(*bump with 1:12:40*) “Right now, fuel cells are economically viable in some markets.”

THE SMALLER, LIGHTER FUEL CELLS ARE NOW OFTEN THE PREFERRED POWER-SOURCE FOR WAREHOUSE EQUIPMENT

LIKE FORKLIFTS… AND IN MANY MILITARY APPLICATIONS – WHERE PORTABILITY IS A MUST.

“We want to make sure there are no barriers to commercialization.”

MAKING SURE HYDROGEN IS USED *SAFELY* IS CRITICAL IN MOVING THIS TECHNOLOGY FORWARD.

HYDROGEN FUEL IS AN ODORLESS GAS – IT’S *NOT* POISONOUS, BUT IT IS FLAMMABLE.

“Therefore, we need to have sensors that will detect any releases of hydrogen and shut

down systems and prevent any serious incidents from taking place.”

“What I’m holding is a small sample of a hydrogen sensor…”

SCIENTISTS IN NREL’S SAFETY SENSOR TEST LABORATORY ARE ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONALITY

OF THESE IMPORTANT DEVICES… “We subject them to temperatures, pressures

and humidities.” AND PASSING THAT VALUABLE INFORMATION ALONG

SO MANUFACTURERS CAN IMPROVE THEIR PRODUCTS. NREL PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE AS WELL IN ESTABLISHING

THE INTERNATIONAL CRITERIA FOR HANDLING AND OPERATING HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEMS.

“We want to make sure that there are comprehensive safety codes and standards in place to protect

the public and allow for the safe use of hydrogen.” “We’re in our Hydrogen Secure Data Center…”

THE TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION TEAM IS EVALUATING SOME OF THE *FIRST* HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEMS

TO SEE HOW THEY DELIVER IN REAL-WORLD CONDITIONS. “Right now, we’re analyzing fuel cell

electric vehicles… cars, buses, forklifts, back-up power and stationary power for houses

and buildings.” TAKING THIS TECHNOLOGY TO THE ROAD ALLOWS

FOR ACTUAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE PIONEERS IN HYDROGEN-FUELED TRANSPORTATION.

NREL’S HYDROGEN BUS IS RESEARCH IN MOTION. “Right now, NREL is operating a Hydrogen

ICE – stands for internal combustion engine – vehicle running on hydrogen.”

“The hydrogen bus uses renewable hydrogen that was generated at the National Wind Technology

Center…” THIS LOW-EMISSIONS BUS ACTS AS A MOBILE TEACHING

TOOL… IT GIVES PASSENGERS A FIRSTHAND LOOK AT THE POWER OF HYDROGEN FUELS.

“Absolutely, it’s part of our sustainability movement here on the campus.”

“The Hydrogen ICE is really a stepping stone between today’s gasoline technology and

hybrid technology and tomorrow’s zero-emission technology of fuel cells.”

HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS ARE A FUNDAMENTAL PART OF THE BROADER PORTFOLIO OF RENEWABLE

TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE MOVING OUR NATION TOWARD ITS GOALS OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY.'

THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TAKING PLACE TODAY AT THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY…

IS PAVING THE WAY FOR NATURE’S MOST PLENTIFUL ELEMENT TO POWER THE NEXT GENERATION.

“I trust that this chapter of hydrogen fuel cells will be looked upon as the era when

we developed those first technologies that penetrated into the marketplace, got people

excited about a new way of driving… a new way of powering our buildings, a way of using

energy that’s sustainable.”