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  • IT IS SIMPLICITY AND ABUNDANCEHYDROGEN, THE MOST COMMON ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSE MAY

  • HOLD THE KEY TO A CLEANER, MORE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE.

  • It really is the end game for energy. If we can turn sunlight and water into a clean

  • fuel, then we don’t have to further alter our energy structure.”

  • Today, most hydrogen is produced by natural gas and as we look to the future, we believe

  • that we need to derive more and more hydrogen from renewable energy sources.”

  • NREL -- THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY IN GOLDEN, COLORADO IS WORKING TO UNLOCK THE

  • POTENTIAL OF HYDROGENAND TO ADVANCE THE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL POWER THE

  • AUTOMOBILES, EQUIPMENT AND BUILDINGS OF TOMORROW. “We have scientists who are working at understanding

  • the very nature of hydrogen and how it behaves with different types of materialsto enable

  • our engineers then to develop better ways to produce hydrogen from renewable energy

  • using solar, wind energy and biomass, for example.”

  • IN ITS NATURAL FORM, HYDROGEN IS ALMOST ALWAYS BONDED WITH ANOTHER ELEMENTSO, NREL RESEARCHERS

  • ARE SEPARATING THOSE MOLECULES USING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES.

  • We are trying to convert sunlight and water into hydrogen fuel, and we do that using semiconductors.”

  • We have the world record for efficiency of solar-water splitting.”

  • ARE USING SOLAR ENERGY TO SPLIT WATER INTO HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO CREATE FUEL.

  • Were sticking our photovoltaic material directly into solution and shining light on

  • it and you get hydrogen right off of the surface.” IT IS ONE OF THE CLEANEST WAYS TO PRODUCE

  • HYDROGENBUT IT’S *NOT* THE ONLY METHOD. “The photobiological hydrogen production

  • is one of many alternatives that are being considered as hydrogen-producing technologies.”

  • THE PHOTO-BIOLOGICAL PROCESS RELIES ON ORGANISMS LIKE GREEN ALGAE OR CYANO-BACTERIABLUE-GREEN

  • ALGAETO SPLIT WATER AND GENERATE HYDROGEN. “Biological organisms do photosynthesis

  • photosynthesis is essentially the same process.” “This is the fermentation of the corn stover

  • for the hydrogen production…” FERMENTATION OF PRETREATED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS

  • IS ANOTHER APPROACH. THIS PROCESS INVOLVES BREAKING DOWN AND CONVERTING

  • SUGAR-RICH FEEDSTOCKS… “Agricultural residues such as corn stover,

  • your wheat straw, your rice straw...” TO GENERATE HYDROGEN.

  • THE CHALLENGE WITH EACH APPROACHIS TO LOWER THE COST AND INCREASE PRODUCTION.

  • Were hoping that by lowering the feedstock costs, using lingo-cellulosic biomass and

  • developing a genetic system by removing competing pathways, well decrease the feedstock costs

  • and improve hydrogen yield.” “Inside this building, we have two electrolyzers

  • that produce hydrogen from water and renewable energy…”

  • THE WIND TO HYDROGEN PROJECTAT NREL’S NATIONAL WIND TECHNOLOGY CENTER IS EXPLORING

  • WAYS TO USE WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY TO HARVEST HYDROGEN.

  • These systems in here are electrolyzers and their main purpose in life is to take

  • in electricitypreferably from renewables and split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

  • The hydrogen is compressed to higher pressures and stored in tanks.”

  • *THIS* IS JUST THE DAWNING OF HYDROGEN AS A FUEL SOURCE IN OUR COUNTRYTODAY, HYDROGEN

  • POWERS A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF BUILDINGS AND VEHICLESBUT THE POTENTIAL IS LIMITLESS.

  • Were standing in front of a hydrogen fueling station. It dispenses gaseous hydrogen

  • into vehicles.” HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS ARE A MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY,

  • ENERGY EFFICIENT WAY TO DRIVE. “A fuel cell is two- to two-and-a-half times

  • more efficient than an internal combustion engine.”

  • Fuel cells are wonderfully simple devices in concept in that we take as input into a

  • fuel cell hydrogen and oxygenthe oxygen, we get from the air.”

  • TOGETHER, THE HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN IN A FUEL CELL PRODUCE ELECTRICITYPOWERFUL *AND*

  • POLLUTION-FREE. “You can think of it as a mix between an

  • engine, like you have in your car, and a battery. Like an engine, you continuously feed fuel

  • to a fuel cell and it creates energybut like a battery, it doesn’t work with combustion.

  • It works with chemical reactions.” A FUEL CELL FOR TRANSPORTATION CONVERTS FUEL

  • TO ELECTRICITY THROUGH A THIN MEMBRANE WITH THE HELP OF A CATALYSTIT’S THE HEART

  • OF THE FUEL CELL. “Around the outside is this thin, plastic

  • film… (*bump with 1:25:07*) “In the middle then, the black part is what we call a catalyst.

  • The catalyst is actually the part that allows hydrogen and oxygen to combine and create

  • electricity.” “This is a fuel cell characterization lab…”

  • LOWERING THE COST AND INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF THE FUEL CELL CATALYST ARE THE WORK OF

  • NREL’S CHARACTERIZATION LAB. “Fuel cells use platinum as a catalyst,

  • so it’s very expensive.” THE GOAL IS TO USE LESS PLATINUM IN THE CATALYSTS

  • *AND* TO FIND EQUALLY EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES. “We can take any material and we can analyze

  • it…. See when it decomposes, see what gases it gives off when it decomposes.”

  • SCIENTISTS HERE ALSO LOOK AT HOW CONTAMINENTS MAY IMPACT A FUEL CELL AND WHAT MATERIALS

  • WILL OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE. “It’s identifying materials that will

  • be useful in the fuel cells of the future.” “This is what we call a web lineor a

  • continuous processing line.” AS THE FUEL CELLS DESIGNS ARE IMPROVED, NREL

  • IS FURTHERING THE TECHNOLOGIES TO ALLOW MANUFACTURERS SCALE UP PRODUCTION.

  • It lets us take the R&D innovations and here at the lab, take them that much closer

  • to industry so it’s that much easier for them to take ahold of and implement quicker.”

  • *THIS* IS WHERE SCIENTISTS TEST THE TECHNIQUES TO HELP INDUSTRY PARTNERS TO INCREASE FUEL

  • CELL PRODUCTION -- WITHOUT SACRIFICING QUALITY. “Were going to get the costs for fuel

  • cells down and as that happens, you will see them come into more and more different markets.”

  • (*bump with 1:12:40*) “Right now, fuel cells are economically viable in some markets.”

  • THE SMALLER, LIGHTER FUEL CELLS ARE NOW OFTEN THE PREFERRED POWER-SOURCE FOR WAREHOUSE EQUIPMENT

  • LIKE FORKLIFTSAND IN MANY MILITARY APPLICATIONSWHERE PORTABILITY IS A MUST.

  • We want to make sure there are no barriers to commercialization.”

  • MAKING SURE HYDROGEN IS USED *SAFELY* IS CRITICAL IN MOVING THIS TECHNOLOGY FORWARD.

  • HYDROGEN FUEL IS AN ODORLESS GASIT’S *NOT* POISONOUS, BUT IT IS FLAMMABLE.

  • Therefore, we need to have sensors that will detect any releases of hydrogen and shut

  • down systems and prevent any serious incidents from taking place.”

  • What I’m holding is a small sample of a hydrogen sensor…”

  • SCIENTISTS IN NREL’S SAFETY SENSOR TEST LABORATORY ARE ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONALITY

  • OF THESE IMPORTANT DEVICES… “We subject them to temperatures, pressures

  • and humidities.” AND PASSING THAT VALUABLE INFORMATION ALONG

  • SO MANUFACTURERS CAN IMPROVE THEIR PRODUCTS. NREL PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE AS WELL IN ESTABLISHING

  • THE INTERNATIONAL CRITERIA FOR HANDLING AND OPERATING HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEMS.

  • We want to make sure that there are comprehensive safety codes and standards in place to protect

  • the public and allow for the safe use of hydrogen.” “Were in our Hydrogen Secure Data Center…”

  • THE TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION TEAM IS EVALUATING SOME OF THE *FIRST* HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEMS

  • TO SEE HOW THEY DELIVER IN REAL-WORLD CONDITIONS. “Right now, were analyzing fuel cell

  • electric vehiclescars, buses, forklifts, back-up power and stationary power for houses

  • and buildings.” TAKING THIS TECHNOLOGY TO THE ROAD ALLOWS

  • FOR ACTUAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE PIONEERS IN HYDROGEN-FUELED TRANSPORTATION.

  • NREL’S HYDROGEN BUS IS RESEARCH IN MOTION. “Right now, NREL is operating a Hydrogen

  • ICEstands for internal combustion enginevehicle running on hydrogen.”

  • The hydrogen bus uses renewable hydrogen that was generated at the National Wind Technology

  • Center…” THIS LOW-EMISSIONS BUS ACTS AS A MOBILE TEACHING

  • TOOLIT GIVES PASSENGERS A FIRSTHAND LOOK AT THE POWER OF HYDROGEN FUELS.

  • Absolutely, it’s part of our sustainability movement here on the campus.”

  • The Hydrogen ICE is really a stepping stone between today’s gasoline technology and

  • hybrid technology and tomorrow’s zero-emission technology of fuel cells.”

  • HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS ARE A FUNDAMENTAL PART OF THE BROADER PORTFOLIO OF RENEWABLE

  • TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE MOVING OUR NATION TOWARD ITS GOALS OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY.'

  • THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TAKING PLACE TODAY AT THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

  • IS PAVING THE WAY FOR NATURE’S MOST PLENTIFUL ELEMENT TO POWER THE NEXT GENERATION.

  • “I trust that this chapter of hydrogen fuel cells will be looked upon as the era when

  • we developed those first technologies that penetrated into the marketplace, got people

  • excited about a new way of driving… a new way of powering our buildings, a way of using

  • energy that’s sustainable.”

IT IS SIMPLICITY AND ABUNDANCEHYDROGEN, THE MOST COMMON ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSE MAY

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NRELの水素プログラム (NREL's Hydrogen Program)

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    songwen8778 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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