NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly

様態の副詞

man with white hair. E = mc2 is not about an old Einstein. It's actually about a young,

程度の副詞

energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein.

ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would I see if I rode on a beam of light?

MICHAEL FARADAY (Dramatization): Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating outwards

WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, electricity flows through a wire,

ANTOINE LAVOISIER (Dramatization): It is my great ambition to demonstrate that nature

is a closed system, that in any transformation no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost,

JEAN-PAUL MARAT (Dramatization): The people...

JEAN-PAUL MARAT: ...it is they who will determine right and wrong.

FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (Dramatization): Emilie, you are being absurd. Why ascribe

to an object a vague and immeasurable force like vis viva? It is a return to the old ways.

EMILIE DU CHí‚TELET (Dramatization): Are you capable of discovering something of your

FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: I discovered you.

EMILIE DU CHí‚TELET: There is no right time for the truth.

OTTO HAHN (Dramatization): Fraulein Meitner?

KURT HESS (Dramatization): The Jewess endangers our Institute.

HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): We can't harbor a Jew. If she stays the regime will

OTTO ROBERT FRISCH (Dramatization): No, no, no. You've split the atom.

ALBERT EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.

MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Would you like me to check your mathematics?

Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google.

Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, serving society

through biomedical research and science education: HHMI.

Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science Foundation, America's

And by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, to enhance public understanding of science and

And the U.S. Department of Energy, fostering science and security.

Major funding for NOVA is also provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and

NARRATOR: A hundred years ago, a deceptively simple formula revealed a hidden unity, buried

deep in the fabric of the universe. It tells of a fantastic connection between energy,

matter and light. Its author was a youthful Albert Einstein. It's the most famous equation

STATION MASTER (Dramatization): All aboard.

NARRATOR: But while we've all heard of Einstein's big idea, very few of us know what it means.

In fact, E = mc2 is so remarkable that even Einstein wasn't sure if it was really true.

MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Albert, darling, you are later than I expected. We've only got

MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Has something happened?

ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, no, nothing, sorry, no. I spent most of the day staring out the window

at work looking at trains, and I started to think about an object and how much energy

MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Of course you can, but first, dinner—food and talk.

ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the gods are laughing at me.

NARRATOR: The gods were not laughing at Einstein. He'd united, in one stunning insight, the

work of many who had come before him, scientists who'd fought, and even died, to create each

part of the equation. The story of E = mc2 starts long before Einstein, with the discovery

In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. They thought in

terms of individual powers or forces. These were all disconnected, unrelated things: the

power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack of lightning. The idea that there

might be some sort of overarching, unifying energy which lay behind all these forces had

yet to be revealed. One lowly man's drive to understand the hidden mysteries of nature

DAVID BODANIS (Author, E=mc2): Young Michael Faraday hated his job. He was uneducated;

the son of a blacksmith, he'd been lucky to become a bookbinder's apprentice. But Faraday

craved one thing, he craved knowledge. He read every book that passed through his hands.

He developed a passion for science. All of his free time and his meager wages were poured

into his self-education. He was on the threshold of an incredible journey into the invisible

NARRATOR: Faraday had impressed one of his master's customers and was rewarded with a

MICHAEL FARADAY: Excuse me please. Can I pass, please?

MICHAEL FARADAY: Some of us are trying to improve ourselves, if people will let us.

CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. Pass, pass. This way to a better life.

S. JAMES GATES, JR. (Physicist, University of Maryland): In the early 1800s, science

was the pursuit of gentlemen—something Faraday was clearly not. He had a rudimentary education,

he'd read widely, he'd gone to public lectures, but in 1812, he was given tickets to hear

Sir Humphry Davy, the most prominent chemist of the age.

NARRATOR: Nineteenth century scientists were the pop stars of their day. Their lectures

were hugely popular, tickets were hard to come by, and Davy reveled in his status.

JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting.

NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: nitrous oxide, or "laughing

gas." He said it had all the benefits of alcohol without the hangover.

HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that can unravel the confusing

mixture of intermingled substances that surround us and produce pure, pure elements. How do

S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Davy was an absolutely first-rate scientist, however, many will come

to say that his greatest discovery is Michael Faraday.

HUMPHRY DAVY: ...unknown metals. Unknown that is until I, I isolated potassium from molten

potash and sodium, as I showed you last time, from common salt. That same metal...

NARRATOR: Faraday may not have been born a gentleman, but he wasn't going to let class

barriers stop him from pursuing a career in science. He worked for nights on end to bind

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Albert Einstein's Big Idea HD Documentary (10 Subs)

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