Name: 脱植民地化とナショナリズムの凱旋クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #40 (Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:22:41.000Z
Duration: 12 min 49 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

and today we’re going to talk about decolonization.

The empires European states formed in the 19th century proved about

as stable and long-lasting as Genghis Khan’s,

leading to so many of the nation states we know and love today.

[Stan brings Karaoke house down with his version of WindBeneathMyWings? Not kidding]

and let’s face it, Internet, you’re not--

you’ve only ever known a world of nation states.

But as we’ve seen from Egypt to Alexander the Great to China

to Rome to the Mongols, who, for once, are not the exception here,

[lackadaisical layabouts listen to their legion's lamentations, lounging no longer.]

empire has long been the dominant way we’ve organized ourselves politically--

or at least the way that other people have organized us.

So to them Star Wars would’ve been, like, a completely different movie.

also they’d be like what is this screen

that displays crisp moving images of events that are not currently occurring?

[failing to imagine MFTP's ideas complexly]

but you never learn what happens AFTER the rebel victory in Star Wars.

And, as as we’ve learned from the French Revolution to the Arab Spring,

revolution is often the easy part. [tell that to residents of Alderaan]

I mean, you think destroying a Death Star is hard?

Try negotiating a trade treaty with gungans. [oh Naboo you di'int!]

Right, anyway. So, the late 20th century was not the first time that empires disintegrated.

the American Revolution ended one kind of European imperial experiment.

But in all those cases, Empire struck back...

but later controlled half of Africa and all of India.

And what makes the recent decolonization so special is that at least so far,

no empires have emerged to replace the ones that fell.

And this was largely due to World War II because on some level,

the Allies were fighting to stop Nazi imperialism:

Hitler wanted to take over Central Europe, and Africa, and probably the Middle East--

and the Ally defeat of the Nazis discredited the whole idea of empire.

couldn’t very well say to the colonial troops who’d fought alongside them,

“Thank you so much for helping us to thwart Germany’s imperialistic ambitions.

As a reward, please hand in your rifle and return to your state of subjugation.”

Plus, most of the big colonial powers-- especially France, Britain, and Japan--

had been significantly weakened by World War II,

by which I mean that large swaths of them looked like this:

So, post-war decolonization happened all over the place:

The British colony that had once been “India” became three independent nations.

By the way, is this Gandhi or is this Ben Kingsley playing Gandhi?

In Southeast Asia, French Indochina became Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

And the Dutch East Indies became Indonesia.

But of course when we think about decolonization,

we mostly think about Africa going from this to this:

So we’re gonna oversimplify here, [got that, commenters?]

because we have to, [not because we hate and/or forgot you]

but decolonization throughout Afro-Eurasia had some similar characteristics.

Because it occurred in the context of the Cold War,

many of these new nations had to choose between

socialist and capitalist influences, which shaped their futures.

While many of these new countries eventually adopted some form of democracy,

Also decolonization often involved violence,

usually the overthrow of colonial elites.

But we’ll turn now to the most famous nonviolent--

So the story begins, more or less, in 1885

with the founding of the Indian National Congress.

Congress Party leaders and other nationalists in India

they didn’t even demand independence from Britain.

But they were interested in creating a modern Indian nation

rather than a return to some ancient pre-colonial form,

and really only unified into a single state when under imperial rule

whether the Mauryans, the Guptas, the Mughals, or the British.

The best known Indian nationalist, Mohandas K. Gandhi,

was a fascinating character: [and a fabric-draping genius]

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脱植民地化とナショナリズムの凱旋クラッシュ・コース世界史 #40 (Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40)

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脱植民地化とナショナリズムの凱旋クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #40 (Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40)

world

week

today

long

脱植民地化とナショナリズムの凱旋クラッシュ・コース世界史 #40 (Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40)