Name: 分類学。生命のファイリングシステム - クラッシュコース生物学 #19 (Taxonomy: Life's Filing System - Crash Course Biology #19)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:21:22.000Z
Duration: 12 min 16 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Taxonomy! It's the science of classifying living things.

Today we'll basically be learning the Dewey Decimel System

When it comes down to it, this science doesn't just

when you look a little deeper, you realize it's telling the

Every living thing on this planet is related to every other

If you go far enough back, we all have a common ancestor.

An organism that both you and I are descended from.

Or something that a star fish and a blue whale are descended from.

Or, even weirder, that an oak tree and a salmon are

The trick of taxonomy, is basically figuring out

where all those branches of the evolutionary tree are,

and finding some convenient labels to help us understand all of these

Let's be clear though, taxonomy isn't about describing

it's mostly about helping humans understand it,

because it's way too complicated without structure.

To get that structure biologists use the taxonomic system to

It's sometimes called the Phylogenetic Tree,

and it illustrates the evolutionary relationships

There are about 2 million known species, but there could be

anywhere from 5 million to 100 million species

New species keep getting discovered all the time,

and the more organisms we have to keep track of,

the more complex the Phylogenetic Tree becomes.

So, there's not always a consensus about how to classify this stuff.

There's a lot of gray area in the Natural World.

the Natural World is one giant Gray Area.

Sometimes it's just hard to know where to put

the classification system has to be messed with to make room for it.

but it's good enough that we've been using it for around 250 years.

And early in his career as a botanist he realized that the

botanical nomenclature of 18th century Europe was..

For instance, in his day, the "formal" name of a tomato plant

was Solanum caule inerme herbaceo, foliis pinnatis incisis,

Linnaeus actually said once, "I shudder at the sight

of most botanical names given by modern authorities."

Not only did this sloppiness bother him, he saw a whole

New plants were still being discovered in Europe,

but that was nothing compared to the crazy stuff that was

Linnaeus saw that pretty soon, naming conventions were

just going to collapse under all these new things to name.

Linnaeus famously started off by naming himself.

He came from a peasant family, and at the time,

surnames were just for rich people, so when Carl

went to college, they asked him for his surname and he

just made one up: Linneaus, after the Linden trees that grew

Linnaeus got a medical degree and became a professor at

Uppsala University where he devoted himself to the

He had his students go places and bring back specimens for him to

The method he eventually adopted was based on morphology,

Back then, people grouped organisms by analogous or homoplasic traits,

structures that appear similar but actually come from

By this definition, birds would be more closely related to

butterflies than to reptiles because birds and butterflies can both fly.

But Linnaeus had a good mind for this stuff and turned out to have

a real knack for choosing actual homologous traits for

traits that stem from a common evolutionary ancestor.

Linnaeus didn't know jack about evolution

Darwin wouldn't come around for another 100 plus years

but he just intuited that some traits were more important than others.

For instance, he was struck by the fact that reproductive apparatus

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分類学。生命のファイリングシステム - クラッシュコース生物学 #19 (Taxonomy: Life's Filing System - Crash Course Biology #19)

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weird

episode

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