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  • The ocean conveyor belt and the Gulf Stream.

    海洋循環と湾流

  • Ocean currents have a direct influence on our lives.

    海の流れは 私たちの生活に影響する

  • They determine our weather, our climate, and much more.

    天気や気候が これで決まるのだ

  • The ocean currents and wind systems

    海流と風は 熱を赤道から極へと運ぶ

  • transport heat from the equator to the poles

    気候のエンジンのようなものだ

  • and operate like a large engine for the global climate.

    海流は多数存在する

  • In the oceans, there are numerous currents.

    海流の循環は気候にとって重要だ

  • The so-called ocean conveyor belt is very important for our climate.

    海の中では海流同士が繋がり

  • This term describes a combination of currents

    互いの水を混ぜ合っている

  • that result in four of the five global oceans exchanging water with each other.

    世界的な循環システムだ

  • They form a worldwide circulation system.

    この循環は熱塩循環とも呼ばれ

  • The conveyor belt is also called the thermohaline circulation,

    熱は温度 塩は塩分を意味している

  • withthermoreferring to the temperature,

    水の密度の二つの要素だ

  • andhalineto the salt content of the water.

    風も水を運んでいるが

  • Both determine the density of the water.

    主に密度の違いにより

  • While the masses of water may be moved in part by wind,

    水は運ばれる

  • primarily the different densities of the global oceans are

    温かい水は密度が低く上昇

  • responsible for their movement.

    冷たい水は沈む

  • Warm water has a lower density and rises while cold water sinks.

    塩分の量が多くても密度は高まる

  • The water’s density also increases with a higher salt content.

    赤道では太陽が特に強く

  • At the equator the heat from the sun is especially strong,

    熱で水を蒸発させ 塩分濃度を上げる

  • resulting in a lot of evaporation and thus a rise in the water’s salt content.

    これにより 湾流が起こる

  • That is where the Gulf Stream begins.

    ヨーロッパの気候の主要因だ

  • The Gulf Stream is very important for the European climate.

    メキシコ湾流は全長1万キロで

  • Its length of 10,000 km makes it one of the largest and fastest currents on Earth,

    長くて速くて とても温かい

  • and it’s very warm.

    秒速2メートルで

  • At roughly 2 m/s it brings up to 100,000,000 m³ of water per second

    毎秒1億立方メートルの水を運ぶ

  • towards Europe.

    絶えず吹いている貿易風が

  • A constantly blowing wind, the southeast trade wind,

    水の表面を温め メキシコ湾に流れる

  • drives warm surface water to the northwest, into the

    水の温度は30℃だ

  • Gulf of Mexico, where it heats up to 30 °C.

    折り返すと西風と共に東へ進み

  • The turning of the Earth and the west winds then direct

    その先で分岐する

  • the Gulf Stream towards Europe and split it up.

    一つは南に 一つは東の海流に

  • One part flows south, another east to the Canary Current,

    一つは北に流れ これらが熱を放出

  • and a third part flows north where it releases a lot of heat

    北大西洋海流だ

  • into the atmosphere as the North Atlantic Current.

    ここで水は冷える

  • The water becomes colder there.

    蒸発もあり 塩分濃度が高まるため

  • Its salt content and density rise on the account of evaporation

    ここで大規模な水の沈降が見られる

  • and it drops down between Greenland, Norway, and Iceland.

    水中にある 地球最大の滝だ

  • There we also find the largest waterfall on Earth.

    そこでは直径15キロの水の柱が

  • The so-called Chimneys, roughly 15-km-wide pillars with water falling up to 4,000 m.

    4000メートル下まで落ちている

  • 17,000,000 m³ of water per second, or roughly 15 times more water than

    水量は毎秒1700万立方メートル

  • is carried by all the rivers in the world.

    世界のすべての川の 15倍の水量だ

  • This creates a strong maelstrom, which constantly pulls in new water

    強力な渦が作られて水を引っ張り

  • and is the reason that the Gulf Stream moves towards Europe.

    それが湾流を循環させている

  • Countless species use the Gulf Stream as a means of transport on their trips

    無数の種がこの流れに乗り

  • from the Caribbean to northern areas.

    カリブ海から北部に来る

  • But it doesn’t just bring us animals;

    動物だけでなく

  • an enormous quantity of warm air also comes with it.

    温かい空気も一緒に来る

  • In order to produce the same heat that it brings to the shores of Europe,

    同じ量の熱を生み出すには

  • we would need 1,000,000 nuclear power plants.

    原発が100万基必要だ

  • That’s why we also call the Gulf Stream a heat pump.

    湾流は熱のポンプでもある

  • Without it, the temperature would be significantly colder here,

    これがなければ

  • at least five to ten degrees.

    気温は5~10℃下がるだろう

  • Instead of lush fields, we would have long winters and sparse ice-covered

    森は消え ヨーロッパは雪に覆われる

  • landscapes in Europe.

    ここ数年 気候変動によって

  • In the last few years, scientists and pundits in the media have repeatedly

    この湾流が停止するのでは

  • expressed the fear that the Gulf Stream could come to a standstill

    という危惧が増えた

  • due to climate change.

    極の氷が溶けると

  • Because if the polar caps actually melt, the salt content in the water

    塩分濃度が下がる恐れがあるからだ

  • off Greenland would fall, as would its density.

    北大西洋海流は重さを失い

  • The North Atlantic Current would no longer be heavy enough,

    沈まなくなるだろう

  • and so it woundn’t sink as usual.

    最悪の場合

  • In the worst case, that would bring the Gulf Stream, our heat pump, to a stop.

    大事な熱源 湾流が止まる

  • Some climate experts also assume that climate change could

    温暖化しているなら

  • compensate for this effect.

    大丈夫だという説もある

  • We know that it can be normal for the climate to change

    地球の歴史を見ると

  • by looking at the development of the Earth over the last few million years.

    気候変動は普通の現象だと言える

  • There are ice ages and warm periods.

    寒暖両方があった

  • In the last ice age, a gigantic flood of melting water crippled

    先の氷河期は 溶解水が海流を止め

  • the heat-bringing North Atlantic Current, covering the northern hemisphere in ice.

    北半球が氷で覆われたものだった

  • Scientists have different views on the impact that climate change will have

    気候変動の海流への影響は

  • on the global ocean conveyor belt, but one thing is clear:

    科学者間でも見解が異なる

  • when the climate changes, then the complex system of ocean currents and winds,

    確かなのは 気候が変われば

  • which has remained fairly stable since the last ice age,

    海流や風

  • will change in ways that we don’t yet understand.

    複雑な 長く安定していたものが

  • Subtitles by the Amara.org community

    変わってしまうということだ

The ocean conveyor belt and the Gulf Stream.

海洋循環と湾流

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