Name: TED-ED】悲劇はなぜ魅力的なのか - デイビッド・E・リバス (【TED-Ed】Why tragedies are alluring - David E. Rivas)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:40:21.000Z
Duration: 4 min 26 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

関係詞節（制限と非制限）

a royal, rich or righteous individual, who otherwise happens to be a lot like us,

makes a mistake that sends his life, and the lives of those around him,

This is the classic story pattern for Greek tragedy.

we've spun spellbinding tales that fit this pattern,

and modern storytellers around the world continue to do so.

Three critical story components influenced by Aristotle's "Poetics"

First, the tragic hero should be elevated in rank and ability,

Perhaps he is a king, or extraordinary in some other way.

But because you and I are neither unusually good

And he has one particular tragic flaw, or hamartia,

something like ambition, tyranny, stubbornness, or excess pride

that causes him  to make a critical mistake.

And from that mistake comes  disaster and downfall.

As an example of these elements in action,

about a man who doesn't know he was adopted,

and is warned by an oracle that he's destined to murder his father

he kills a man who won't get out  of his way at a crossroad.

He then cleverly answers the riddle of the monstrous Sphynx,

freeing the Kingdom of Thebes from a plague.

He marries the widowed queen and becomes king.

But after he finds out that the murdered man was his father,

Oedipus gouges out his eyes and retreats into the wilderness.

Oedipus is elevated in ability, and he's elevated in rank.

It's more tragic, after all, if a king falls from a tall throne

than if a jester falls off his step stool.

Oedipus's tragic flaw is hubris, or excessive pride,

and it causes him to attempt to avoid the fate prophesied for him,

because his mistake of killing his father and marrying his mother

Of course, these narrative principles transcend classic Greek tragedy.

we see Hamlet's indecisiveness lead to a series of bad decisions,

that culminate in the death of almost every character in the play,

and Macbeth's ambition  catapults him to the top

before sending him careening to his grave.

Even modern pop culture staples like "Game of Thrones" and "The Dark Knight"

resonate with the tropes Aristotle identified over 2000 years ago.

So what's the point  of all of this suffering?

According to Aristotle, and many scholars since,

a good tragedy can evoke fear and pity in the audience:

Fear of falling victim to the same or similar catastrophe,

and pity for the height  of the hero's downfall.

Ideally, after watching  these tragic events unfold,

a feeling of relief  and emotional purification.

allows us to experience and release strong emotions that we keep bottled up,

or maybe it just lets us forget about our own problems for a little while.

But regardless of how you feel when you watch poor Oedipus,

never has there been  a more salient reminder

at least you didn't kill your father and marry your mother.