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  • Rob: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm

  • Rob

  • Neil: and I'm Neil. Hello.

  • Rob: Hello, Neil, and what a glorious sunny day

  • it is today. Not a cloud in the sky! Spring is definitely here! Now, Neil, you're a bit

  • of a sun worshipper, aren't you? You like sunbathing...

  • Neil: I do indeed! I love sitting in my deckchair

  • in the garden, catching some rays...

  • Rob: Hmm, yes, you look a bit orange actually.

  • Are you sure that tan's not fake?

  • Neil: Very cheeky, Rob, very cheeky...

  • Rob: Now the reason I mentioned sunbathing is because

  • we're discussing the sun in this programme.

  • Neil: Yes, that's right. The sun is our nearest

  • staralthough it's a staggering 150 million kilometres away. Earth is one of nine planets

  • that orbitor circle aroundthe sun. And life on Earth couldn't exist without its

  • warmth and light.

  • Rob: And we should mention... The sun is absolutely

  • massive. Its volume is so large you could fit a million Earths inside it.

  • Neil: That's amazing! It's also incredibly hot.

  • Hotter than anything you could imagine.

  • Rob: So Neil, can you answer this question: How

  • hot is the surface of the sun? Now I'll help you out by telling you that the sun's core

  • that's the centreis a blistering five million degrees Celsius. But how hot

  • is the sun's surface? Is it...

  • a) 1.5 billion degrees Celsius b) 1.5 million degrees Celsius or

  • c) 5500 degrees Celsius

  • Neil: Hmm. I have no idea. They all sound quite

  • warm to me. But ... I think it must be a bit cooler than the core. So I'm going to go for

  • 1.5 million degrees.

  • Rob: Okay. Well, we'll find out if you're right

  • or wrong later on. But now let's listen to Professor of Solar Physics Louise Harra to

  • discover what the sun is made of.

  • Louise Harra: It's just a big ball of gas. And we measure

  • it... it's made mostly of hydrogen. So it's roughly

  • 90% hydrogen, it's maybe 8% helium, and the rest of it's made up of things like iron,

  • carbon, oxygen, nickel.

  • Neil: So the main gas is hydrogen, which accounts

  • for 90% of the sun's matter. Now, 'matter' means what something is made of.

  • Rob: And hydrogen creates all the sun's energy.

  • Heat and light energy is created all the time in the sun's core as a result of gas explosions

  • or nuclear reactions. And this bit is hard to believeit takes a hundred thousand

  • years for this light energy to travel from the sun's core to the sun's surface.

  • Neil: But once it reaches the sun's surfacethe

  • photosphereit can escape. In fact, it takes only eight minutes for light energy

  • from the sun to reach the Earth. Scientists these days are able to see the photosphere

  • in fantastic detail using powerful telescopes.

  • Rob: Though Galileo observed dark spots on the

  • sun through his telescope several hundred years ago, didn't he? Which brings us on to

  • another question: How old is the sun?

  • Neil: Well, I happen to know that it came into being

  • around four and a half billion years ago.

  • Rob: Did you study solar physics at university,

  • Neil?

  • Neil: No, just... you know, just general knowledge.

  • Rob: Well, the sun came into beingor was created

  • ─ a very long time ago! We're going to hear now from Professor of Physics, Yvonne Elseworth.

  • What does she say about how long the sun is going to stay the same?

  • Yvonne Elseworth: In terms of its current lifestyle it's here

  • for as long again, so we're about half way through. And then it becomes a different sort

  • of starit becomes a giant star and that's probably curtains for us, actually. It'll

  • get a bit warm, a bit toasty, and we'll get enveloped in the sun, and it won't be nice...

  • Neil: So the sun is going to stay the same for another

  • four and a half billion years. But the professor also says that the sun will change. When it

  • becomes a giant star, it will be curtains for our planetand 'curtains' means the

  • end, I'm afraid!

  • Rob: Yes, it does. And as a giant star, the sun

  • will get hotterit will make the Earth toasty. Now, toasty usually means hot in a

  • nice way.

  • Neil: That's rightfor example, my toes are

  • warm and toasty in my new slippers. But in reality the giant sun will make the Earth

  • unbearably hot. It will surroundor envelopour planet and burn it up.

  • Rob: Well, I'm glad we're not going to be around

  • when that happens. Now, remember at the beginning of the show I asked you how hot is the sun's

  • surface? Is it a) 1.5 billion b) 1.5 million or c) 5500 degrees Celsius?

  • Neil: And I said 1.5 million...

  • Rob: It's way too hot, I'm afraid you were wrong.

  • The answer is actually 5500 degrees Celsius. But still, if you're planning on visiting

  • the sun, remember to take your sunglasses and plenty of sunscreen! Now, before we go,

  • it's time to remind ourselves of some of the vocabulary that we've heard today. Neil.

  • Neil: orbit, massive, core, energy, matter, photosphere,

  • come into being, curtains for something, toasty, envelop

  • Rob: Thanks. Well, that brings us to the end of

  • today's 6 Minute English. We hope you enjoyed today's programme. Please join us again soon.

  • Bye bye.

  • Neil: Bye.

Rob: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm

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BBC 6 Minute English_April 09, 2015 - The Sun (BBC 6 Minute English_April 09, 2015 - The Sun)

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    Adam Huang に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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