Name: PHILOSOPHY - ニーチェ (PHILOSOPHY - Nietzsche)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:18:58.000Z
Duration: 6 min 57 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

The challenge begins with how to pronounce his name.

The first bit should sound like ‘Knee’, the second like ‘cha’

Then we need to get past some of his extraordinary and provocative statements:

‘What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger’

But when we do, we’ll discover a thinker who is intermittently enchanting, wise and

Friedrich Nietzsche was born in 1844 in a quiet village in the eastern part of Germany

He did exceptionally well at school and university and so excelled at

ancient Greek that he was made a professor

But his official career didn’t work out. He got fed up with his fellow academics, gave

up his job and moved to Sils Maria in the Swiss alps

where he lived quietly, working on his masterpieces,

The Birth of Tragedy, Human, All Too Human,

Beyond Good and Evil, On the Genealogy of Morals,

He had lots of problems: - he didn’t get on with his family:

'I don’t like my mother and it’s painful even for me to hear my sister’s voice.’

- women kept rejecting him. - his books didn’t sell

- And when he was only forty-four, he had a mental breakdown, precipitated when he saw

a horse in a Turin street being beaten by its driver

and ran over to embrace him shouting 'I understand you'. He never recovered and

But his philosophy was full of heroism and grandeur.

He was a prophet of what he called: SELBSTÜBERWINDUNG

or SELF-OVERCOMING, the process by which a great-souled

rises above their circumstances and difficulties to embrace

He wanted his work to teach us, as he put it, ‘how to become who we really are’.

His thought centers around 4 main recommendations:

Envy is – Nietzsche recognised – a big part of life. Yet the lingering effects of

Christianity generally teaches to be feel ashamed

indication of evil. So we hide them from ourselves and others

Yet there is nothing wrong with envy, maintained Nietzsche, so long as we use it as a guide

to what we really want. Every person who makes us envious should be seen as an indication

of what we could one day become. The envy-inducing writer, tycoon

or chef is hinting at who you are capable of one day being.

It's not that Nietzsche believed we always end up getting what we want. His own life

had taught him this well enough). He simply insisted that we must face up to our true

desires, put up a heroic fight to honour them, and only then mourn failure with solemn dignity.

That is what it means to be an ÜBERMENSCH

Nietzsche had some extreme things to say about Christianity

is only person worth respecting: Pilate, the Roman governor.’

It was knockabout stuff, but his true target was more subtle and more interesting: he resented

Christianity for protecting people from their envy.

Christianity had in Nietzsche’s account emerged in the late Roman Empire

in the minds of timid slaves, who had lacked the stomach

and so had clung to a philosophy that made a virtue of their cowardice.

Christians - whom he rather rudely termed DIE HEERDE, the herd - had wished to

enjoy the real ingredients of fulfilment (a position in the world, sex,

They had therefore fashioned a hypocritical creed denouncing what

they wanted but were too weak to fight for

– while praising what they did not want but happened

to have. So, in the Christian value system, sexlessness

turned into purity [show text changing] weakness became goodness, submission-to-people-one-hates

became obedience and, in Nietzsche’s phrase, “not-being-able-to-take-revenge” turned

Christianity amounted to a giant machine for bitter denial.

Nietzsche himself drank only water – and as a special treat, milk. And he thought we

should do likewise. He wasn’t making a small,

eccentric dietary point. The idea went to the heart of his philosophy, as contained

in his declaration: ‘There have been two great narcotics in European civilisation:

He hated alcohol for the very same reasons that he scorned Christianity: because both

numb pain, and both reassure us that things are just fine as they are, sapping us of the

will to change our lives for the better. A few drinks usher in a transient feeling of

satisfaction that can get fatally in the way of taking the steps necessary to improve our

Nietzsche was obsessed with the awkward truth that getting really valuable things done hurts.

“How little you know of human happiness - you comfortable people” he wrote

“The secret of a fulfilled life is: live

dangerously! Build your cities on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius!”

Nietzsche’s dramatic assertion that God is dead is not, as it’s often taken to be,

Despite his reservations about Christianity, Nietzsche did not think that the end of belief

Religious beliefs were false, he knew; but he observed that they were very beneficial

in the sense of helping us cope with the problems of life.

Nietzsche felt that the gap left by religion should ideally be filled by Culture (he meant:

philosophy, art, music, literature): Culture should replace Scripture.

However, Nietzsche was deeply suspicious of the way his own era was handling culture.

He believed the universities were killing the humanities,

turning them into dry academic exercises,